Award Data

Improving the performance of existing superconducting radiofrequency cavities is one approach to improving the capabilities of existing accelerator facilities. By coating existing SRF cavities with Mo3Re, one could realize reduced coat of cryogenics and/or higher accelerating gradients. Alameda Applied Sciences Corp proposes to develop a thin film coating method to produce Mo3Re thin film superco ...

Development of 100 Gb/s network infrastructure, even though nascent, is gathering momentum as a result of the progress made in the 100 Gb/s Ethernet and Optical Transport Network (OTN) standardization efforts. A 100 Gb/s test bed proposed by ESNet is expected to facilitate rapid data transfer between geographically dispersed clouds allowing scientists to use available computing resources regardles ...

Traditional enterprise cyber-security methods are inadequate to address the increasing number of threats, particularly within larger and higher-performance networks. Several government and third party organizations report consistent failures within corporate and federal, state, and local government networks. A key point of failure in securing these networks is the centralized security architectu ...

Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) has been an extremely productive materials science probe for several decades and is used extensively by researchers studying a wide range of subjects, including polymers, ceramics, metals and biological macromolecules and functions. However, it is limited to length scales from 1 to 100 nm and requires highly collimated and relatively monochromatic neutron beam ...

Web searching has become a ubiquitous and indispensable activity for a wide spectrum of human endeavors. The success of Google and its competitors depends on extensive software and network infrastructures and costly hardware. Federated search engines, such as Science.gov, WorldWideScience.org and ScienceEducation.gov also run on powerful, albeit much smaller, server clusters that connect to divers ...

The value of the electric dipole moment of the neutron (nEDM) represents a test of the theories that describe the origin and evolution of the universe. Photomultiplier tubes (PMT) with 50mm diameter used as detectors for the nEDM experiment have two recognized limitations: low quantum efficiency and degraded performance due to secondary pulses.A solid-state Visible Light Photon Counter (VLPC) inve ...

There is a growing demand for power electronics that can operate under the high temperature and high power conditions that will be encountered in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV). As the coolant temperature used to dissipate heat from electronics increases, the operation of power semiconductor devices such as Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) becomes severely limited in order that the safe ...

Carbon dioxide is monitored with high precision at hundreds of monitoring stations, world-wide. Those measurements rely upon frequent calibration using high pressure gas cylinders, which must be certified and then shipped to remote locations. Current calibration procedures are both labor intensive and expensive. Continuous monitoring of CO2 at remote locations presents particularly difficult cali ...

Electrical power generation consumes a large fraction of the nations fossil fuel, notably coal, and produces significant CO2 emissions. Gas turbine based cycles such as IGCC are constrained by turbine component temperature limits, and consequently have potential for lower fuel consumption and emissions. A novel, highly effective technology for cooling rotating turbine components has been under exp ...

Aerosol particles have important impacts on visibility, acid deposition, climate, and human health, although large uncertainties remain in quantifying their chemical composition and atmospheric transformations. A large fraction of the anthropogenic aerosol is generated from energy-related activities, and organic compounds are known to constitute a significant fraction of ambient aerosol mass. Re ...