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With over a trillion cups of caffeinated beverages consumed each year caffeine is arguably theworld's most frequently consumed stimulant. Caffeine is widely used to enhance athleticperformance body composition pain relief and mental acuity. Naturally caffeinated beveragesinclude coffee black and green tea cola cocoa guarana yerba mat© and Yaupon tea.According to the Tea Association of the USA tea ...

A chemical threat agent mode of action is often initiated through a selective interaction with a biological molecule or structure. The binding event mimics normal cellular processes, but then overruns natural control mechanisms leading to toxic and lethal effects. The native binding specificity is used to design sensor recognition elements that outperform conventional antibody-based biosensors. Ou ...

THE PHYSIOLOGICAL-THERMODYNAMIC BASIS FOR HYBRID VIGOR (YIELD HETEROSIS) IN CORN AND OTHER CROPS IS NOT PRESENTLY KNOWN. THUS, DEVELOPMENT AND SELECTION OF INBRED LINES FOR HYBRID VIGOR RELIES ON GENERAL KNOWLEDGE ABOUT HETEROTIC GROUPS, NUMEROUS CROSSES, AND EXTENSIVE FIELD TESTS TO ACHIEVE THE INDUSTRY AVERAGE OF 1 TO 2 BU/ACRE/YR INCREASE IN YIELD. EACH COMMERCIAL HYBRID MAY COST FROM $1.2 TO $ ...

IN CURRENT AGRICULTURAL SPRAYING, LESS THAN 20% OF PESTICIDEREACHES THE INTENDED PLANT; MOST DRIFTS OR DEPOSITS ON THE SOIL, RESULTING IN ECONOMIC LOSS AND ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD. SPRAY REACHING PLANTS IS OFTEN WASTED BECAUSE OF POOR PLACEMENT OF DROPLETS. EXCESS PESTICIDE DEPOSITS ARE PLACEDON UPPER LEAF SURFACES, AND LOWER CANOPY REGIONS RECEIVE INSUFFICIENT DOSAGES. LESS THAN 1% OF APPLIED SPRAY ...

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DENSITY OF POTATOES AND COOKINGQUALITY HAS BEEN KNOWN FOR A LONG TIME. THE MOST DENSE POTATOES HAVE THE MOST TASTE AND THE HIGHEST DRY MATTER CONTENT. DENSITY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN POTATOES OF VARIOUS QUALITIES ARE SMALL AND UNTIL TO-DATE THERE IS NO COMMERCIALMETHOD FOR THEIR SORTING. IT IS PROPOSED FOR DENSITY SORTING POTATOES INTO SEVERAL DENSITY GROUPS TO USE DRY MET ...

THE U.S. POULTRY INDUSTRY ADMINISTERS ABOUT 21 BILLION DOSE UNITS OF VACCINES YEARLY. THESE VACCINATIONS ARE GIVEN TO TO DAY-OLD BIRDS FOR SEVERAL VIRAL AND BACTERIAL DISEASES, AND SUBSEQUENT VACCINATIONS TO GROWING AND ADULT CHICKENS ANAND TURKEYS. ADDITIONALLY, 170 MILLION TURKEY EMBRYOS R RECEIVE ANTIBIOTIC TREATMENT. THE WORLDWIDE POULTRY DRUG VACCINE MARKET REPRESENTS OVER $500 MILLION PR YEA ...