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CRYOGENIC HELIUM REFRIGERATORS AND LIQUIFIERS CONVENTIONALLYEMPLOY OIL LUBRICATED POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT COMPRESSORS AT THE WARM END AND FREQUENTLY USE PISTON TYPE EXPANSION ENGINES AT THE COLD END. THESE SYSTEMS REQUIRE EXTENSIVE AND VIGILANT MAINTENANCE TO CONTROL CONTAMINATION FROM LUBRICATING OIL AND ITS VOLATILE COMPONENTS MIGRATING TO THE COLD END. HENCE THE NEED FOR LOW MAINTENANCE COMPRESSO ...

Abstract Ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) power is anticipated to be a primary auxiliary heating source in next step tokamak experiments like ITER. From a technological perspective, electrical breakdown is a significant challenge for ICRF utilization in present experiments and will become more challenging for future devices like ITER and other reactors. An ICRF system utilizes an antenna to ...

IN MOST CRYOGENIC SYSTEMS, THE PIPING JOINTS IN COLD REGIONSOF THE SYSTEM ARE MADE BY WELDING OR SOLDERING. THIS IS ESSENTIAL BECAUSE EXISTING DESIGNS OF CRYOGENIC PIPE SEALS CANNOT BE RELIED ON NOT TO LEAK. ANY SUCH LEAKS INTO THE COLD BOX REDUCE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INSULATION, THEREBY REDUCING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE REFRIGERATOR. WELDEDJOINTS MAKE REPLACEMENT OF COMPONENTS DIFFICULT AND HAVE ...

Current drug discovery and development efforts are severely limited by expensive animal trials and oversimplified in vitro models. Results obtained from in vitro models are not predictive of in vivo toxicity owing to significant difference from the in vivo physiological conditions. In this context, we propose to develop and demonstrate a novel microfluidic device that reproduces the physiological ...

THERE IS AN ACUTE NEED FOR VERY HIGH EFFICIENCY HEAT EXCHANGERS IN CRYOGENIC APPLICATIONS. THE GOAL OF PHASE I IS A HEAT EXCHANGER DESIGN WITH AN EFFECTIVENESS 0.99. THE HEAT EXCHANGER GEOMETRY IS A PERFORATED, PARALLELPLATE TYPE. THE DESIGN METHODOLOGY ENTAILS EXPLICIT CALCULATION OF HEAT TRANSFER RATES AND PRESSURE DROPS BY CONSIDERING LONGITUDINAL THERMAL CONDUCTION, BOUNDARY LAYER DEVELOPMENT, ...

UP TO 35,000 WORKERS OF THE U.S. CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND MORE THAN 270,000 WORKERS IN THE PETROLEUM AND COAL-RELATED INDUSTRIES MAY BE EXPOSED DAILY TO CARCINOGENIC AND MUTANOGENIC COMPOUNDS FROM THE AROMATIC AMINE GROUP. COAL GAS, INC. DEVELOPED A VERY SIMPLE HIGH-TECHNOLOGY APPROACH TO MONITORING THE EXPOSURE OF PERSONNEL TO TRACE LEVELS OF POLLUTANTS AND IS PROPOSING TO CONDUCT R & D WHICH WILL E ...

THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS PROJECT IS TO DEVELOP A NEW CLASS OF BIOSENSORS BASED ON THE USE OF COLLOIDAL GOLD DIRECTLY OR DEPOSITED AS A POROUS GOLD FILM. THE KEY TO THE APPROACH ISTHE IMMOBILIZATION OF ENZYMES ON GOLD SURFACES THAT PROVIDE FOR HIGHFLUX, HETEROGENEOUS ELECTRON TRANSFER. THE FEASIBILITY OF CONSTRUCTING THIS NEW CLASS OF BIOSENSORS WILL BE EVALUATED BY THE END OF PHASE I. THE OBJECTIVES ...

Current high-throughput platforms rely on labeled substrates that produce detectable spectroscopic signals upon reaction for monitoring enzyme catalytic activity. Add to that the high price tag for these instruments, ranging from several hundred thousand to millions of dollars, and there is a clear need for alternate solutions for a label-free, low-cost, high-throughput enzyme screening platform. ...

One of the foremost issues confronting our nation is that of energy security. Lessening our dependence on foreign fossil fuels necessitates progress and growth in the renewable energy sector. However, widespread adoption of clean energy currently faces the challenge of power consistency a dilemma rooted in the problem of storage. This need for reliable and efficient energy conversion and stora ...

Existing silicon on insulator (SOI) pixel detectors which integrate single gate transistors with substrate diodes are limited by two key problems. First, the SOI transistor performance is degraded by the large potentials that must be applied to the substrate to fully deplete the diodes. Secondly, the performance of these SOI pixel detectors degrades with exposure to radiation due to charge trappin ...