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CRYOGENIC HELIUM REFRIGERATORS AND LIQUIFIERS CONVENTIONALLYEMPLOY OIL LUBRICATED POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT COMPRESSORS AT THE WARM END AND FREQUENTLY USE PISTON TYPE EXPANSION ENGINES AT THE COLD END. THESE SYSTEMS REQUIRE EXTENSIVE AND VIGILANT MAINTENANCE TO CONTROL CONTAMINATION FROM LUBRICATING OIL AND ITS VOLATILE COMPONENTS MIGRATING TO THE COLD END. HENCE THE NEED FOR LOW MAINTENANCE COMPRESSO ...

High performance metals, ceramics, and hard coatings are used in military applications to enhance the performance of key systems needed by the warfighter. One of the most prevalent operations to remove material, achieve the desired surface finish, or enhance part quality is bulk and finish grinding. For typical cutting speeds, conventional synthetic or oil-based coolants are sufficient to remove ...

Abstract Ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) power is anticipated to be a primary auxiliary heating source in next step tokamak experiments like ITER. From a technological perspective, electrical breakdown is a significant challenge for ICRF utilization in present experiments and will become more challenging for future devices like ITER and other reactors. An ICRF system utilizes an antenna to ...

RECUPERATIVE HEAT EXCHANGERS ARE KEY COMPONENTS IN REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS USED TO COOL SUPERCONDUCTING DEVICES IN HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS RESEARCH. PRESENT PLATE-FIN HEAT EXCHANGERS HAVE EFFECTIVENESS OF AROUND 0.97 AND PRESSURE DROPS OF SEVERAL PERCENT OF THE STREAM PRESSURE. APPROXIMATELY HALF THE LOSSES IN A CRYOGENIC REFRIGERATOR ARE THE RESULTS OF INEFFECTIVENESS AND PRESSURE DROP IN THE HEAT EXCH ...

72984-Currently available methods impose limits on the processing of multi-filamentary, superconducting wires used in high energy physics experiments. These limits can be severe when one of the wire components has a mechanical strength substantially smaller than the other component(s), and can eliminate many desirable wire designs from consideration. Niobium-Tin and Niobium-Aluminum are example ...

IN MOST CRYOGENIC SYSTEMS, THE PIPING JOINTS IN COLD REGIONSOF THE SYSTEM ARE MADE BY WELDING OR SOLDERING. THIS IS ESSENTIAL BECAUSE EXISTING DESIGNS OF CRYOGENIC PIPE SEALS CANNOT BE RELIED ON NOT TO LEAK. ANY SUCH LEAKS INTO THE COLD BOX REDUCE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INSULATION, THEREBY REDUCING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE REFRIGERATOR. WELDEDJOINTS MAKE REPLACEMENT OF COMPONENTS DIFFICULT AND HAVE ...

The current processes to produce Nd-Fe-B alloy powders for producing high magnetic strength permanent magnets for application in electric traction motors for use in electric vehicles requires a significant number of steps resulting in high cost as well as 96.8% supply of Nd-Fe-B which is controlled by China. To meet the cost goals for traction motors to expand the availability of electric vehicle ...

Current drug discovery and development efforts are severely limited by expensive animal trials and oversimplified in vitro models. Results obtained from in vitro models are not predictive of in vivo toxicity owing to significant difference from the in vivo physiological conditions. In this context, we propose to develop and demonstrate a novel microfluidic device that reproduces the physiological ...

The development of carbon-based nano-additive bound polymers with enhanced adsorption capacity and reactivity for the neutralization of chemical and biological warfare agents could cause substantial saving of life during CBWA threats. In the Phase I pr

There is a growing need for sensors to detect radiological materials either for nuclear inspection or in the event of a nuclear attack. Thus, these sensors should have the capability of rapidly measuring key isotopic contents and ratios of actinides as well as other elemental composition of various impurities in condensed samples up to 250 meters with a spatial resolution of 1 mm. To ensure the sa ...