Award Data

CRYOGENIC HELIUM REFRIGERATORS AND LIQUIFIERS CONVENTIONALLYEMPLOY OIL LUBRICATED POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT COMPRESSORS AT THE WARM END AND FREQUENTLY USE PISTON TYPE EXPANSION ENGINES AT THE COLD END. THESE SYSTEMS REQUIRE EXTENSIVE AND VIGILANT MAINTENANCE TO CONTROL CONTAMINATION FROM LUBRICATING OIL AND ITS VOLATILE COMPONENTS MIGRATING TO THE COLD END. HENCE THE NEED FOR LOW MAINTENANCE COMPRESSO ...

IN MOST CRYOGENIC SYSTEMS, THE PIPING JOINTS IN COLD REGIONSOF THE SYSTEM ARE MADE BY WELDING OR SOLDERING. THIS IS ESSENTIAL BECAUSE EXISTING DESIGNS OF CRYOGENIC PIPE SEALS CANNOT BE RELIED ON NOT TO LEAK. ANY SUCH LEAKS INTO THE COLD BOX REDUCE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INSULATION, THEREBY REDUCING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE REFRIGERATOR. WELDEDJOINTS MAKE REPLACEMENT OF COMPONENTS DIFFICULT AND HAVE ...

High resolution X-ray microscopy using synchrotron radiation is a key scientific technique in materials research that has provided insight into the atomic structure of bulk materials, surfaces, interfaces, nanoparticles, nanostructures, and nanodomains. Such detailed understanding into the characterization and behavior of matter allows scientists and engineers to design materials with longer fatig ...

The object of the proposed work is to develop better processes for the electrochemical conversion of CO2 into a high value chemical in a growing market. CO2 is one of the key causes of global warming. If we can recycle CO2 back into useful products, than the costs of meeting the Nations global warming goals will be substantially reduced. Presently, the use of CO2 feedstocks is limited by the avai ...

UP TO 35,000 WORKERS OF THE U.S. CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND MORE THAN 270,000 WORKERS IN THE PETROLEUM AND COAL-RELATED INDUSTRIES MAY BE EXPOSED DAILY TO CARCINOGENIC AND MUTANOGENIC COMPOUNDS FROM THE AROMATIC AMINE GROUP. COAL GAS, INC. DEVELOPED A VERY SIMPLE HIGH-TECHNOLOGY APPROACH TO MONITORING THE EXPOSURE OF PERSONNEL TO TRACE LEVELS OF POLLUTANTS AND IS PROPOSING TO CONDUCT R & D WHICH WILL E ...

THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS PROJECT IS TO DEVELOP A NEW CLASS OF BIOSENSORS BASED ON THE USE OF COLLOIDAL GOLD DIRECTLY OR DEPOSITED AS A POROUS GOLD FILM. THE KEY TO THE APPROACH ISTHE IMMOBILIZATION OF ENZYMES ON GOLD SURFACES THAT PROVIDE FOR HIGHFLUX, HETEROGENEOUS ELECTRON TRANSFER. THE FEASIBILITY OF CONSTRUCTING THIS NEW CLASS OF BIOSENSORS WILL BE EVALUATED BY THE END OF PHASE I. THE OBJECTIVES ...

Muon beam ionization cooling is a key element in the design of next-generation low-emittance and high-luminosity muon colliders. New approaches in that cooling could greatly improve the performance and capabilities of these colliders. To obtain low-emittance muon beams, a new concept is being developed that combines ionization cooling in a Helical Cooling Channel (HCC) with parametric resonances. ...

Research on advanced materials is hampered by difficulty in accessing short-lived metastable states that play a crucial role in determining the material & apos;s ultimate structure, properties and performance. In combination with advanced sample environments, DOEs high flux neutron sources such as SNS provide an opportunity to revolutionize advanced materials research by helping to understand how ...

Chemical imaging sensors require focal plane arrays (FPAs) incorporating long wavelength infrared (LWIR) detectors suitable for hyperspectral detection. These detectors require high sensitivity to account for the low photon counts in narrow wavelength bands. The required sensitivity elevates the associated costs, so a need exists for a lower cost LWIR FPA for use with chemical imaging sensors. The ...

One of the foremost issues confronting our nation is that of energy security. Lessening our dependence on foreign fossil fuels necessitates progress and growth in the renewable energy sector. However, widespread adoption of clean energy currently faces the challenge of power consistency a dilemma rooted in the problem of storage. This need for reliable and efficient energy conversion and stora ...