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CRYOGENIC HELIUM REFRIGERATORS AND LIQUIFIERS CONVENTIONALLYEMPLOY OIL LUBRICATED POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT COMPRESSORS AT THE WARM END AND FREQUENTLY USE PISTON TYPE EXPANSION ENGINES AT THE COLD END. THESE SYSTEMS REQUIRE EXTENSIVE AND VIGILANT MAINTENANCE TO CONTROL CONTAMINATION FROM LUBRICATING OIL AND ITS VOLATILE COMPONENTS MIGRATING TO THE COLD END. HENCE THE NEED FOR LOW MAINTENANCE COMPRESSO ...

IN MOST CRYOGENIC SYSTEMS, THE PIPING JOINTS IN COLD REGIONSOF THE SYSTEM ARE MADE BY WELDING OR SOLDERING. THIS IS ESSENTIAL BECAUSE EXISTING DESIGNS OF CRYOGENIC PIPE SEALS CANNOT BE RELIED ON NOT TO LEAK. ANY SUCH LEAKS INTO THE COLD BOX REDUCE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INSULATION, THEREBY REDUCING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE REFRIGERATOR. WELDEDJOINTS MAKE REPLACEMENT OF COMPONENTS DIFFICULT AND HAVE ...

DNA microarray technology, in combination with statistical and predictive modeling tools, could be used to evaluate thousands of genes against distinct gene expression patterns induced by chemical/biological agents to provide early identification and speed therapeutic intervention. The overall objective of this Phase II effort is to leverage existing public domain resources and commercial tools t ...

75655S The photovoltaics (PV) industry is having difficulty finding enough raw materials to match its rapid growth. In addition, traditional sources of secondary grade polysilicon are no longer readily available at inexpensive prices. Reducing the cost of solar silicon wafers is the key to lowering the price of crystalline silicon solar cells. This project will develop a single-step wafer fabr ...

A domestic source of high-quality bent crystal optics is needed to investigate properties of plasmas generated during nuclear fusion research. We propose to develop commercial production of these crystals and bent optics. Spectroscopy and imaging of long wavelength x- rays, known as “soft x-rays” requires crystals with appropriately long interplanar spacings, such as KAP. Research at fusion en ...

With the ever-rising problems of drinking water contamination and the treatment of wastewater from landfills, an inexpensive way of sensing containments is required.

Currently, radon represents a serious health risk within the United States. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that radon causes more than 20,000 deaths per year in the US, and is the second leading cause of lung cancer after smoking. Radon mitigation is typically performed using constant ventilation. However, these inefficient fan systems range in efficiency from 15%-20%, requiri ...

121 Development of Cadmium Germanium Arsenide Crystals--INRAD, Inc., 181 Legrand Avenue, , Northvale, NJ 07647-2404; (201) 767-1910 Dr. Warren Ruderman, Principal Investigator Mr. James L. Greco, Business Official DOE Grant No. DE-FG02-97ER82411 Amount: $74,995 There is a need for high figure of merit nonlinear crystals for harmonic generation in the infrared and for use in optical parametri ...

UP TO 35,000 WORKERS OF THE U.S. CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND MORE THAN 270,000 WORKERS IN THE PETROLEUM AND COAL-RELATED INDUSTRIES MAY BE EXPOSED DAILY TO CARCINOGENIC AND MUTANOGENIC COMPOUNDS FROM THE AROMATIC AMINE GROUP. COAL GAS, INC. DEVELOPED A VERY SIMPLE HIGH-TECHNOLOGY APPROACH TO MONITORING THE EXPOSURE OF PERSONNEL TO TRACE LEVELS OF POLLUTANTS AND IS PROPOSING TO CONDUCT R & D WHICH WILL E ...

To monitor for compliance with nonproliferation treaties such as the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, approximately 80 ground stations around the world collect radionuclide aerosols from the atmosphere and measure the isotopic composition to detect, locate, and characterize nuclear events. These stations process enormous volumes of air to collect minute amounts of the radioactive isotopes ne ...