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CRYOGENIC HELIUM REFRIGERATORS AND LIQUIFIERS CONVENTIONALLYEMPLOY OIL LUBRICATED POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT COMPRESSORS AT THE WARM END AND FREQUENTLY USE PISTON TYPE EXPANSION ENGINES AT THE COLD END. THESE SYSTEMS REQUIRE EXTENSIVE AND VIGILANT MAINTENANCE TO CONTROL CONTAMINATION FROM LUBRICATING OIL AND ITS VOLATILE COMPONENTS MIGRATING TO THE COLD END. HENCE THE NEED FOR LOW MAINTENANCE COMPRESSO ...

IN MOST CRYOGENIC SYSTEMS, THE PIPING JOINTS IN COLD REGIONSOF THE SYSTEM ARE MADE BY WELDING OR SOLDERING. THIS IS ESSENTIAL BECAUSE EXISTING DESIGNS OF CRYOGENIC PIPE SEALS CANNOT BE RELIED ON NOT TO LEAK. ANY SUCH LEAKS INTO THE COLD BOX REDUCE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INSULATION, THEREBY REDUCING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE REFRIGERATOR. WELDEDJOINTS MAKE REPLACEMENT OF COMPONENTS DIFFICULT AND HAVE ...

The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) produces neutrons for neutron scattering studies that allow researchers to study key materials properties. These neutrons are produced by the interaction of a very short (1 µsec), highly intense (1 MW at 60 Hz) pulse of protons within a flowing bath of mercury, in a process that deposits a large amount of thermal energ ...

DNA microarray technology, in combination with statistical and predictive modeling tools, could be used to evaluate thousands of genes against distinct gene expression patterns induced by chemical/biological agents to provide early identification and speed therapeutic intervention. The overall objective of this Phase II effort is to leverage existing public domain resources and commercial tools t ...

75655S The photovoltaics (PV) industry is having difficulty finding enough raw materials to match its rapid growth. In addition, traditional sources of secondary grade polysilicon are no longer readily available at inexpensive prices. Reducing the cost of solar silicon wafers is the key to lowering the price of crystalline silicon solar cells. This project will develop a single-step wafer fabr ...

The skin is the first line of defense against chemical warfare agents including nerve agents and toxic industrial chemicals, providing a possible barrier or delay to systemic distribution. Some chemicals also can act directly on the skin including the vesicants sulfur mustard and lewisite. Early and rapid skin decontamination is extremely important following exposure to CWAs and TICs because it de ...

UP TO 35,000 WORKERS OF THE U.S. CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND MORE THAN 270,000 WORKERS IN THE PETROLEUM AND COAL-RELATED INDUSTRIES MAY BE EXPOSED DAILY TO CARCINOGENIC AND MUTANOGENIC COMPOUNDS FROM THE AROMATIC AMINE GROUP. COAL GAS, INC. DEVELOPED A VERY SIMPLE HIGH-TECHNOLOGY APPROACH TO MONITORING THE EXPOSURE OF PERSONNEL TO TRACE LEVELS OF POLLUTANTS AND IS PROPOSING TO CONDUCT R & D WHICH WILL E ...

THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS PROJECT IS TO DEVELOP A NEW CLASS OF BIOSENSORS BASED ON THE USE OF COLLOIDAL GOLD DIRECTLY OR DEPOSITED AS A POROUS GOLD FILM. THE KEY TO THE APPROACH ISTHE IMMOBILIZATION OF ENZYMES ON GOLD SURFACES THAT PROVIDE FOR HIGHFLUX, HETEROGENEOUS ELECTRON TRANSFER. THE FEASIBILITY OF CONSTRUCTING THIS NEW CLASS OF BIOSENSORS WILL BE EVALUATED BY THE END OF PHASE I. THE OBJECTIVES ...

3He offers over three orders of magnitude difference between the ortho-and para-spin states in its absorption cross section for epithermal neutrons. Polarized 3He cells serve as neutron spin filters for preparation of intense beams of polarized neutrons, and as spin analyzers for determining polarization of scattered neutrons. While super-mirrors offer an alternative, cells of polarized 3He are fa ...

Interfaces on existing military chemical/biological protection garments are not designed to fully eliminate macroscopic and microscopic air gaps at folds, fabric surfaces, or hook-and-loop closures, and thus do not provide a hermetic barrier against exposure. Creare is developing hermetic garment closure systems that seal macroscopic and microscopic gaps at interfaces and closures and provide high ...