Award Data

TECHNIQUES ARE DEVELOPED FOR THE EFFECTIVE HIERARCHICAL CONTROL OF LARGE-SCALE PROCESSES. INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES ARE USUALLY CHARACTERIZED BY SUCH ATTRIBUTES AS LARGE DIMENSION ALITY, THE INTERACTION OF MANY SUBSYSTEMS, MULTIPLE TIME- SCALES DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR, MODEL UNCERTAINTIES, AND CONFLICT ING PERFORMANCE CRITERIA. USING AS AN EXAMPLE THE CONTROL OFA TYPICAL THERMAL PROCESS, FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMEN ...

THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS PROJECT IS TO DEVELOP A NEW CLASS OF BIOSENSORS BASED ON THE USE OF COLLOIDAL GOLD DIRECTLY OR DEPOSITED AS A POROUS GOLD FILM. THE KEY TO THE APPROACH ISTHE IMMOBILIZATION OF ENZYMES ON GOLD SURFACES THAT PROVIDE FOR HIGHFLUX, HETEROGENEOUS ELECTRON TRANSFER. THE FEASIBILITY OF CONSTRUCTING THIS NEW CLASS OF BIOSENSORS WILL BE EVALUATED BY THE END OF PHASE I. THE OBJECTIVES ...

UP TO 35,000 WORKERS OF THE U.S. CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND MORE THAN 270,000 WORKERS IN THE PETROLEUM AND COAL-RELATED INDUSTRIES MAY BE EXPOSED DAILY TO CARCINOGENIC AND MUTANOGENIC COMPOUNDS FROM THE AROMATIC AMINE GROUP. COAL GAS, INC. DEVELOPED A VERY SIMPLE HIGH-TECHNOLOGY APPROACH TO MONITORING THE EXPOSURE OF PERSONNEL TO TRACE LEVELS OF POLLUTANTS AND IS PROPOSING TO CONDUCT R & D WHICH WILL E ...

BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY (BNCT) HAS A CLEAR THEORETICALADVANTAGE OVER OTHER TECHNIQUES AS A METHOD OF DELIVERING CELL-KILLING RADIATION TO CANCEROUS TUMORS. COMPOUNDS CONTAINING THE ELEMENT BORON, SUCH AS BORONOPHENYLALANINE (BPA), CAN ALSO SELECTIVELY LOCALIZE IN SKIN CANCERS SUCH ASMALIGNANT MELANOMA. UPON IRRADIATION BY A THERMAL OR EPITHERMAL NEUTRON BEAM, THE COMPOUND PRODUCES LOCALIZED ...

METAL-AIR BATTERIES, NOTABLY ZINC-AIR AND IRON-AIR, ARE ATTRACTIVE CANDIDATES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE PROPULSION BECAUSE OF THEIR HIGH SPECIFIC ENERGY AND INHERENT SAFETY. THESE BATTERIES REQUIRE A RECHARGEABLE, OR BIFUNCTIONAL, OXYGEN ELECTRODE THAT GENERATES OXYGEN DURING CHARGE AND REDUCES IT DURING DISCHARGE. PHASE I OF THIS PROJECT SEEKS TO DEVELOP A STABLE CATALYST SUPPORT USING A THREE-PRONGED ...

Reducing the amount of carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels has been dentified as one of the most important and difficult problems facing our society. The post combustion CO2 capture from flue gas is particularly challenging due to the relatively low pressure (1 atm) and high temperature (~70 ºC) of flue gas, and its small CO2 concentration (

At the present, the United States does not have a designated disposal site for used nuclear fuel — the nation therefore faces the prospect of extended long‐term storage (i.e., >60 years) and deferred transportation of used fuel at operating and decommissioned nuclear power plant sites. We need to augment nuclear waste canister Ageing Management programs with Modeling capability that is compreh ...

The skin is the first line of defense against chemical warfare agents including nerve agents and toxic industrial chemicals, providing a possible barrier or delay to systemic distribution. Some chemicals also can act directly on the skin including the vesicants sulfur mustard and lewisite. Early and rapid skin decontamination is extremely important following exposure to CWAs and TICs because it de ...

After the Daiichi nuclear disaster, the US Congress placed emphasis on accident tolerant fuels for reactors.During accident events, voids in cooling fluid can cause cladding weakening, and it is important to measure these effects in a controlled test.The project develops a fast void detector that can detect and localize voids, with a quantifiable detection limit superior to a capacitive void senso ...

A chemical threat agent mode of action is often initiated through a selective interaction with a biological molecule or structure. The binding event mimics normal cellular processes, but then overruns natural control mechanisms leading to toxic and lethal effects. The native binding specificity is used to design sensor recognition elements that outperform conventional antibody-based biosensors. Ou ...