Award Data

Statement of the Problem: Ambient aerosol particles play a significant role in adversely affecting human health, in altering the chemistry and the radiative balance of the Earth’s atmosphere, and in reducing visibility. However, there are significant uncertainties in the sources and chemical transformations of particulate matter and how they relate to climate forcing. Organic aerosol is a key co ...

As computational density for high-performance computing and big-data services continues to scale, performance scalability of next generation computing systems is becoming increasingly constrained by limitations in memory access, power dissipation and chip packaging. The processor-memory communication bottleneck, a major challenge in current multicore processors due to limited pin-out and power bud ...

In order to support further advances in Nuclear Physics, experiments using Cherenkov radiation and fast scintillators in calorimetry & dual calorimetry, would require new optical detectors with enhanced spectral response to blue and UV wavelengths, low timing jitter, high energy resolution, dynamic range and operation in high radiation and magnetic fields. SiPM silicon-based solid-state photo-mult ...

The primary objective of the proposed project is to develop and validate turbulence and combustion models for high-fidelity simulation of combustion under supercritical conditions relevant to direct-fired supercritical CO2 power cycles. Supercritical CO2 cycles have gained much interest recently because of their potential for increased efficiency over the traditional power cycles. Direct-fired cyc ...

Data-intensive scientific applications incline to high performance computing which is getting more and more widespread in supercomputing centers, research laboratories, and universities. DoE and many organizations need an automatic and adaptive network analysis tool for effective anomaly detection and localization in the high speed network. Currently approaches, Pythia, APD, etc., are unable to pr ...

The proposed program provides a new biomass conversion technology to produce FDCA, 2,5- furandicarboxylic acid, to replace hydrocarbon chemicals for production of plasticizers and polyester polymers. FDCA is currently produced from hexose carbohydrates, such as sucrose or high fructose corn syrup. Recent trends in global petroleum pricing have greatly reduced biomass raw material cost ...

Liquid fuel production from biomass in anaerobic membrane bioreactors has the potential to sup- ply the United States and the world with a large fraction of its liquid fuels from renewable biomass. The high cost and negative energy balance of such systems, however, makes the wide-spread adoption of this technology unfeasible to address energy needs. Biofouling of the membranes is at the root of th ...

Bioethanol has come into widespread use as fuel additives worldwide, especially in the U.S. and Brazil, aiming to mitigate CO2 emissions by up to 70% and sustain the carbon-neutral ecosystem. Generally, bioethanol in various fermentation broths has a maximum concentration of 6-8 wt.%. Hence, concentration of bioethanol from dilute streams poses a grand challenge from the standpoint o ...

The advent of sensor networks to gather atmospheric data for weather and climate prediction on large spatial and temporal scales is crucial to the advancement of our understanding of many different important processes that make up such predictive models. A prime example is the height of the atmospheric boundary layer, which is used to parameterize boundary layer transport in numerical weather pred ...

The CO2 concentration in the Earth’s atmosphere has seen a drastic increase over the last half- century due largely to burning of fossil fuels. This increase could result in disastrous global climate change if the current rate of release does not decrease. Carbon capture and storage is crucial for the effective reduction of atmospheric CO2. The most important portion of this process is the devel ...