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R3 Logic proposes to develop an openly accessible Design Environment that will incorporate CAD tools needed for the analysis and design of 3D integrated circuits, including schematic capture, VHDL interfaces, 3D physical layout, verification, 3D parasiticextraction, interactive coupled electro-thermal simulations, and thermally-aware place and route methods. We will achieve this goal, first by bui ...

70570B02-II Currently available Li-ion batteries do not meet Department of Energy targets for electric vehicle (EV) or hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) applications. The problem is that today¿s cathode materials do not allow the specific energy and power density targets to be achieved while simultaneously being low cost, safe under abusive conditions, and environmentally benign. This project w ...

70570B02-II Currently available Li-ion batteries do not meet Department of Energy targets for electric vehicle (EV) or hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) applications. The problem is that today¿s cathode materials do not allow the specific energy and power density targets to be achieved while simultaneously being low cost, safe under abusive conditions, and environmentally benign. This project w ...

72904B03-I Aerosol particles have important effects on visibility, acid deposition, climate, and human health; yet large uncertainties remain in quantifying their chemical composition and atmospheric transformations. A significant part of the anthropogenic aerosol is generated from energy-related activities, and organic compounds are known to constitute a significant fraction of ambient aerosol ...

72080S03-I Nitrogen dioxide emissions are regulated by a national ambient air quality standard under the 1970 Clean Air Act. The prevalent means of detection, a chemiluminescence-based monitor (the so-called NOx box), often provides inaccurate readings for nitrogen dioxide in the presence of other nitrogen-containing trace atmospheric species. This project will build an uncomplicated, inexpensi ...

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70000S02-II Scintillation spectrometers, consisting of inorganic scintillation crystals coupled to photomultiplier tubes, are an important element of nuclear and elementary particle physics experiments. However, the performance of the detection systems used in these experiments is often limited by the properties of presently available scintillators. Therefore, this project will develop a new ...

72157S03-I Germanium strip detectors are very promising for X-ray and ?-ray imaging with high resolution. However, existing n+ lithium electrodes prevent the full potential of high purity germanium (HPGe) strip detectors from being exploited in nuclear physics experiments as well as in many other applications. This project will investigate a new approach, using new semiconductor processing tech ...

72486S03-I With the ever increasing number of smaller animals, such as mice and rats, being used as human disease models, the demand for small animal imaging also has increased. In particular, the pharmaceutical industry requires the in vivo quantification of biological processes, to measure the mechanism of action of a pharmacological agent and its concentration at the site of action. High-res ...