Award Data

Within the Nuclear Physics community, grid computing has been established as paradigm for data sharing and computational analysis on a massive scale. In addition, cloud computing has recently emerged as a paradigm in which users lease the resources required to maintain and create virtual storage and computational elements in a shared hosting environment. This project will develop an infrastructu ...

Although aerosol particles have important impacts on visibility, acid deposition, climate, and human health, large uncertainties remain in quantifying their chemical composition and atmospheric transformations. Particularly lacking are real-time, quantitative instruments for the identification, speciation, and source apportionment of organic-containing aerosols. An innovative thermal desorption, ...

Distinguishing between photosynthetic uptake and respiratory emission of CO2 from plants is a difficult problem; yet, determining the small difference between these two parameters is crucial for determining the net ecosystem exchange of CO2 between the atmosphere and the biosphere. Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is a surrogate for CO2 uptake by plants during photosynthesis, but COS is not emitted from pl ...

Aerosol particles have important impacts on visibility, acid deposition, climate, and human health. A large fraction of these aerosols are generated from energy-related activities. These organic aerosols can be directly emitted from combustion sources or formed through gas-phase reactions of volatile organic compounds. Of the organic aerosol mass, only a small fraction has been compositionally ...

The increase of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the Earth¿s atmosphere is the most important driver of global warming. In order to predict future carbon dioxide concentrations under various mitigation strategies, a much better quantitative understanding of the sources and sinks of atmospheric carbon dioxide is required. Studying the ratios of the stable isotopes of CO2 has long been recognized as a too ...

Aerosol particles have important impacts on visibility, acid deposition, climate, and human health. A large fraction of these aerosols are generated from energy-related activities, and these organic compounds are known to constitute a significant fraction of ambient aerosol mass. Recently discovered discrepancies between measurements of organic aerosol mass and predictions from large scale atmos ...

Realizing a practical optical fiber for the 8-12 micron wavelength range has been a goal of the optical technology community for more than twenty years. Although many special fiber materials and structures have been attempted since the 1980s, none has fully met commercial requirements in terms of propagation loss, flexibility, longevity, stability, and high power capability. This project will pr ...

New cerium-doped lanthanide halide scintillators have shown a strong potential to move beyond their familiar role in conventional gamma ray spectroscopy, toward fulfilling the needs of other highly demanding applications. However, issues related to the reliable, large volume manufacturing of these high-light-yield materials have not been resolved or purposefully addressed. This project will deve ...

High-resolution scintillation crystals and crystal arrays are important components of current and future nuclear physics instruments and experiments. Unfortunately, the performance of the systems used in these experiments is often limited by the properties of the scintillation detectors presently available. In particular, scintillators that simultaneously can provide high light output, high stop ...

Neutrons are invaluable to the characterization of materials in the physical, chemical, and biological sciences. To realize the full potential of present and future neutron facilities, improvements are needed for neutron detectors with respect to detection efficiency, high counting rate capability, high spatial resolution, time resolution (for pulsed source applications and energy estimation), co ...