Award Data

SOLID-STATE IONIZATION DETECTORS INCREASINGLY FIND USE IN MEDICAL, NUCLEAR, AND HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS AND IN MAGNETIC FUSION RESEARCH. UNFORTUNATELY, SILICON-BASED DETECTORS ARE HIGHLY SUSCEPTIBLE TO RADIATION DAMAGE, CAN OPERATE ONLYIN A NARROW TEMPERATURE REGIME, AND HAVE UNDESIRABLE SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIOS EVEN AT ROOM TEMPERATURE. A NEW CLASS OF RADIATION-RESISTANT, HIGH TEMPERATURE DETECTORS BAS ...

SYNCHROTRON RADIATION FACILITIES ARE BEING USED INCREASINGLYFOR ADVANCED MATERIALS RESEARCH. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THIS RESEARCH IS NOW COMPROMISED BY A SHORTAGE OF SUITABLE CRYSTALS TO MAKE DEVICES FOR LONG WAVELENGTH SPECTROSCOPY INTHE SOFT X-RAY REGION OF 6 TO 30 ANGSTROM. THE CRYSTAL, YTTRIUM BORIDE (YB66), HAS BEEN IDENTIFIED AS A POTENTIAL MONOCHROMATOR FOR DISPERSING SYNCHROTRON RADIATION. K ...

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FOR THE CONTINUED DEVELOPMENT OF COAL LIQUEFACTION PROCESSES, ON-LINE DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES ARE NEEDED THAT ALLOW ONE TO "SEE" INSIDE THE VARIOUS PROCESS STAGES AND MONITOR PARAMETERS SUCH AS CATALYST ACTIVITY, UPGRADING OF LIQUIDS, DEPLETION OF SOLVENT, HETEROATOM REMOVAL, ETC. THIS PROJECT IS BASED ON TWO INNOVATIONS. THE FIRST IS THE APPLICATION OF FOURIER TRANSFORM-INFRARED (FT-IR) DIAGNOSTICS ...

NITRIC ACID IN THE GAS PHASE IS ONE OF THE MOST ABUNDANT TRACE NITROGEN OXIDE SPECIES IN THE ATMOSPHERE. ITS DEPOSITION AT THE SURFACE PROVIDES THE MAJOR SINK FOR NOX AND IS A SIGNIFICANT COMPONENT OF ACID PRECIPITATION. THE GOAL OF THIS PROJECT IS TO DEVELOP AN INSTRUMENT TO MEASURE THE SURFACE FLUXES OF NITRIC ACID USING THE EDDY CORRELATIONTECHNIQUE WITH INFRARED TUNABLE DIODE LASER ABSORPTION ...

SCINTILLATION DETECTORS HAVE REMAINED THE LEADING TYPE OF DETECTOR IN MANY AREAS OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS. ALTHOUGH IMPROVEMENTS IN SCINTILLATOR CYYSTAL TECHNOLOGY HAVE EXTENDED THE UTILITY OF SCINTILLATOR-BASED SYSTEMS, SERIOUS DEFICIENCIES IN THE OPTICAL DETECTORS USED WITH THE SCINTILLATOR CRYSTALS ARE LIMITING THE FULL POTENTIAL OF THIS DETECTOR TECHNOLOGY. CONVENTIONAL SCINTILLATION SYSTEMS USE PHO ...

WE PROPOSE TO RESEARCH THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SOFTWARE INTERFACE FOR LD STUDENTS TO PROVIDE INDIVIDUALIZED ENHANCEDVIDEO AND AUDITORY CUES FOR READING AND MATHEMATICS. THE GOALS ARE TO: (1) PILOT THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SOFTWARE INTERFACE FOR CREATING MULTI-ACCESS TEXT ENVIRONMENTS (MATE'S) TO ENABLE LD STUDENTS TO ACCOMMODATE FOR INDIVIDUALPERCEPTUAL DEFICITS BY CREATING SPECIFIC ENCODING AND DECODING ...

SO-CALLED "FOULING" OF FILTRATION MEMBRANES, WHICH LEADS TO DIMINISHED FILTRATE FLUX AND ALTERED SOLUTE REJECTION AND SELECTIVITY WITH TIME, IS ATTRIBUTABLE TO BUILDUP OF SURFACEMATERIALS. RESPONSIBLE MECHANISMS INCLUDE BOUNDARY LAYER, GEL AND CAKE PHENOMENA, AND INTERACTIONS OF PARTICLES OR SOLUBLE COMPONENTS (E.G., PROTEINS) WITH THE MEMBRANE. A POSSIBLE SOLUTION TO THIS PROBLEM IS VIBRATION OF ...

WE ARE DEVELOPING A WEARABLE, PERSONAL ELECTRONIC REMINDING,GUIDING AND LOCATION MONITORING SYSTEM THAT MAY BE USED TO AUGMENT TRADITIONAL TEACHING AND SUPERVISION OF STUDENTS WHOARE MENTALLY RETARDED AND/OR TO SERVE AS A LONG TERM COGNITIVE PROSTHETIC TO PROMOTE THEIR PERSONAL AUTONOMY. THIS WALKMAN-SIZED, MICROPROCESSOR-BASED GUIDANCE SYSTEM CANAUTOMATICALLY VERBALLY REMIND A USER ABOUT PRESCHED ...

IN THIS PROJECT, THE USE OF A PLASMATRON TO IGNITE PULVERIZED COAL (PC) FOR UTILITY BOILERS IS BEING EXPLORED. AIR IS PASSED THROUGH THE ARC OF THE PLASMATRON, CREATING A HIGH TEMPERATURE PLASMA (8,500 K) WITH HIGHLY REACTIVE OXYGEN RADICALS THAT EASILY COMBINE WITH AND IGNITE PULVERIZED COAL. PHASE I OF THIS PROJECT ADDRESSES THE TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY OF THE CONCEPT AND ALSO ALLOWS ASSESSMENT OF ...