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This project will demonstrate a breakthrough detector for the readout of scintillators used for gamma ray detection in Nuclear Physics experiments. The new detector: (1) will overcome the quantum efficiency and high voltage limits of current photomultipliers (PMTs) and Avalanche Photodiodes (APDs); (2) will offer the possibility of improving scintillator detector resolution at least by a factor ...

Low-temperature superconductors have limited usefulness at very high magnetic fields or in high heat load applications, which are representative of some sections in future particle accelerators. In this project, the suitability of second generation (2G) high-temperature superconductor (HTS) wire will be explored for these environments. The characterization of this developing superconductor has b ...

Second generation high temperature superconductors BC50offer potential benefits for many electric power applications, including those that require filamentizated conductors with low ac loss, such as transformers and fault current limiters. However, the use of 2G wire in these applications requires the development of both novel multi-filamentary conductor designs with lower ac losses and advanced ...

This project seeks to demonstrate an improved, ultra fast and high efficiency electron detector for electron microscopy. The proposed approach will have high radiation resistance compared to current state-of-the-art detectors. The detector also will have a very low decay time, which will enable a faster scanning time than current detector materials, and higher brightness. Phase I will involve t ...

Mercury regulations passed by the EPA will require stringent mercury emission control from wet flue gas desulfurization scrubbers, used in the production of electricity from coal. The first problem is that a portion of the mercury captured by the wet scrubber is re-emitted. The second problem is that FGD by-products, including gypsum, will increase from 31 million tons in 2004 to 86 million ton ...

This project will develop a novel type of thermal neutron counting detector, which will be optimized for the imaging of thermal neutrons with high detection efficiency (greater than 50 percent), spatial resolution (approximately 55 microns), and time resolution (approximately 1 millisecond) for each detected neutron. The counting rate of detector can be as high as 100 MHz with an active area scal ...

We are proposing an innovative approach to sensor fusion and target recognition based on transductive inference with support vector machines. Our proposed algorithm will apply innovative discrimination to the fusion of sensor (feature) and contextual scenario information through the development of robust algorithms and software necessary to collect, process, and fuse information from multiple sour ...

Advanced, high brightness photoinjectors are required for the next generation of linear accelerators and free electron lasers. Current photoinjector lasers suffer from complexities related to the use of multiple amplifier stages to achieve the desired pulse energy. There are also issues related to power scaling. This project will investigate the use of a liquid nitrogen cooled, Yb:YAG, mode-loc ...

Bi2212, which has the highest Jc of any practical superconductor at fields greater than 15 T, is currently being considered for high-field particle accelerator magnets. In particular, it is attractive for high field magnets that are needed to improve the performance of machines such as the Large Hadron Collider and Muon Collider. However, the processing requirements for Bi2212 are extremely stri ...

In the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol, the five and six carbon sugars that are liberated from lignocellulosic hydrolysates cannot be readily converted to ethanol by any single microorganism. Even a strain with multiple metabolic pathways will leave significant portions of a given sugar unused due to preferential metabolism of the substrate sugars. As a result, yields are limite ...