Award Data

Continued global dependence on fossil fuels and concomitant release of CO2 has driven a societal push to mitigate CO2 emissions, largely through various means of sequestration. But implementation of carbon sequestration costs money and there are still unresolved environmental concerns, therefore, other approaches to mitigating net CO2 production and release are required. In an ideal model, emitted ...

Efficient utilization of our nations fossil and renewable energy sources is a top priority to secure a sustainable energy future. Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) based power systems represent an emerging technology that have the potential to produce clean electric power at nearly twice the efficiency of small-scale combustion engines and to nearly eliminate the release of NOx and SOx to the environme ...

The quest for deepened understanding of the origin of the universe requires continued search for elementary particles, for which high-energy accelerators are necessary tools. Reducing the size, complexity, and cost for future accelerators is essential if they are ever to be built. New technologies that can underlie future accelerators are needed to meet these goals, including that proposed here. R ...

Mercury occurs naturally in rocks, soils, water, and air; anthropogenic sources of mercury, as a contaminant of concern, are found at 290 Superfund National Priority Sites. Thermal treatment, whether practiced above ground on contaminated materials removed from a site, or in ground, is highly effective in removing more than 90 % of mercury in place, depending on site-specific factors and temperatu ...

The quest for deepened understanding of the origin of the universe requires continued search for elementary particles, for which high-energy accelerators are necessary tools. Reducing the size, complexity, and cost for future accelerators is essential if they are ever to be built. New technologies that can underlie future accelerators are needed to meet these goals, including that proposed here. A ...

Solar and wind energy are the most likely candidates to meet our future energy needs based on the available capacity. The problem is that these renewable sources are not consistently accessible, and thus storage must be an integral part of the energy solution. Hydrogen generation via proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis is one attractive solution, but the life cycle cost of the elec ...

In a two-beam accelerator, a high-current drive beam imparts energy to a low current test beam by generating microwave power that flows from one beam to the other. The largest project of this sort is CLIC, located at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland, that is being designed for operation at an electron-positron center-ofmass energy as high as 3 TeV. Technical complexity and low efficiency characterize t ...

Thermionic cathodes are in use in an overwhelming majority of vacuum electronics devices, including high-power RF sources used to drive particle accelerators. These cathodes do not operate reliably or have long lifetime if their current density exceeds 5-10 Amperes/cm2. Artificial diamond and related materials, produced by chemical vapor deposition, appear to be an attractive alternative, which co ...

With the depletion of fossil fuel reserves, hydrogen-based energy is becoming increasingly significant. Production, purification and compression of hydrogen represent key technical challenges. Hydrogen is most commonly produced from steam methane reformers, by gasification or as a refining or chemical system off-gas. All of these production systems require purification and compression steps and ...

Throughout history, the ability of a fighting force to respond to battlefield casualties, perform triage, and evacuate their wounded to a treatment facility has been crucial to the long-term success of the force. Until now, the ability of medical personn