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Positioning and navigation have become a mainstay of everyday life in the U.S.; applications of interest include navigation of vehicles of all kinds, infrastructure mapping, and safety of life systems. Many of these recent applications have become possible through the GPS. With the recognized vulnerabilities of GPS, it is evident that equivalent backup systems must be developed. One possible so ...

MAJOR AIDS TO NAVIGATION (ATON) ARE ESSENTIAL SIGNPOSTS FOR SAFE PASSAGE ALONG COASTAL AND OFFSHORE SEAWAYS. PRESENTLY, THEIR SIGNALS ARE POWERED BY ON-SITE ENGINE GENERATORS REQUIRING CONSIDERABLE AND COSTLY MAINTENANCE. ATON AUTONOMY WILL BE GREATLY INCREASED WITH DEEP DISCHARGE BATTERY TECHNOLOGY PROVIDING THAT ON-SITE CHARGING SOURCES ARE USED. AMONG NATURALLY AVAILABLE SOURCES, THE UNCEASING ...