Award Data

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Stroke is the 3rd leading cause of death and the primary cause of severe, long term disability. Each year 795,000 Americans have a stroke and the annual costs to the economy are 57.9 billion. The vast majority of acute ischemic strokes are caused by a thrombus (blood clot) which occludes the blood vessel and stops blood flow to the brain. Tissue plasminogen a ...

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Deep brain stimulation has risen as a neurosurgical procedure of choice for patients with disabling neurological or psychiatric disorders for its abiliy to modulate improvement in the activity of certain circuits. The procedure is currently approved for treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), essential tremor (ET), dystonia, and obsessive-compulsive disorde ...

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Juvenile crime imposes enormous costs on victims, on society, and on juvenile offenders themselves. However, research assessing the efficacy of interventions for young offenders show, on average, only small effects on recidivism, substance abuse, and other behavioral outcomes. A major problem with existing interventions is that they tend to neglect individual d ...

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Each year, as many as 2 million Americans develop venous thromboembolism (VTE). VTEs are blood clots in the legs (venous thrombosis) that may travel to the lungs (pulmonary embolism). It is estimated that 10-20% of VTEpatients die, and the annual direct costs are up to 10 billion. Despite advances in diagnosis and prophylaxis, anticoagulation, a 50-year-old th ...

Constitutively activated forms of ALK caused by genetic aberrations have been shown to cause an expanding variety of human cancers. The FDA recently approved the Pfizer drug Xalkori (crizotinib) to treat patients with non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) that express ALK. Numerous other pharmaceutical companies (ARIAD, Novartis, Synta, Xcovery, others) have ongoing ALK small-molecule inhibitor pro ...

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this Phase II project is to advance the development of novel tolerance-inducing peptides (Tregitopes) to prevent and/or treat Type 1 diabetes (T1D) by optimizing the clinical delivery vehicle and treatment protocol, and by identifying correlates of efficacy in preparation for Phase 1 clinical trials. More than 13,000 children in the U.S. are diagnos ...

The variation between peak and off-peak electricity demand fluctuates up to 70 percent over the course of a 24 hour cycle. This degree of variability is a driver for costly inefficiencies within the power gridto prevent blackouts and meet customer demandas well as power sell offs to consume excess generation available during off-peak hours. Projections estimate the power demand to double by 2050 r ...

DOE Nuclear Physics low-background rare-particle detection arrays require germanium detectors having the minimum possible background and maximum sensitivity. Larger p-type point-contact germanium detectors having better performance are being experimentally developed through collaboration with DOE low-background researchers. Semiconductor-detector fabrication improvements and electronic-discrimina ...

Aging and obsolescence issues have recently led to problems with the rod control systems of existing pressurized water reactors. These issues, along with plans for plant life extension, have prompted the industry to actively seek viable options to monitor the health of these systems in order to ensure reliable plant operation for decades to come. This proposed work offers a comprehensive research ...

DESCRIPTION provided by applicant Excessive alcohol use is associated with a range of serious and costly health social and economic consequences at the individual and societal level This program of research serves as a venue by which to produce and test an innovative science based and cost effective means to intervene in a private convenient and individualized way with employed adults wh ...