Award Data

Detectors and radiation monitors for future high energy and nuclear physics experiments must be able to withstand radiation environments several orders of magnitude harsher than those of any current device. At present, most radiation detectors are based on silicon technology, however, the practical radiation hardness limit of silicon falls far short of requirements in future high ener ...

Ethylene and propylene are the primary feedstocks for the manufacture of polyethylene and polypropylene, respectively. These olefins represent a major component of the polymer manufacturing cost. Consequently, there is significant economic benefit in minimizing losses of unreacted olefin from the process. Some olefin loss is a result of the need to remove paraffin from the polymerization reactor ...

Synchrotron-based science has had a great scientific impact and will continue to have great impact going forward. In spite of the large investment in the 3rd generation light sources, most beam lines do not preserve the sources phase profile or brightness all the way to the sample. For these high brightness light sources, errors are almost completely due to distortion in the front-end optics cau ...

Current energy storage devices have energy densities that are barely sufficient for low cost electric-vehicles and rely on lithium ion batteries that use flammable, unsafe, liquid electrolytes. However, in order to replace liquid electrolyes in lithium batteries for hybrid electric power train systems, solid polymer electrolytes, which have the advantages of safety and flexibility, must attain con ...

The quest for deepened understanding of the origin of the universe requires continued search for elementary particles, for which high-energy accelerators are necessary tools. Reducing the size, complexity, and cost for future accelerators is essential if they are ever to be built. New technologies that can underlie future accelerators be they for basic science or for applications are needed to m ...

The quest for deepened understanding of the origin of the universe requires continued search for elementary particles, for which high-energy accelerators are necessary tools. Reducing the size, complexity, and cost for future accelerators is essential if they are ever to be built. New technologies that can underlie future accelerators, be they for basic science or for applications, are needed to ...

Efficient, cost effective production of hydrogen from non-carbon based sources is a key barrier to widespread implementation of fuel cells for transportation and stationary power. Ion exchange membrane-based electrolysis is a promising technology for clean generation of pure hydrogen, but significant advances are required in order to provide cost-competitive hydrogen source for energy markets. Com ...

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): All forms of diabetes are characterized by the death of insulin producing cells. In Type 1 diabetes (T1D), this leads to the reliance on exogenous insulin for survival. In addition, there is cell loss in T2D and inindividuals who lose islet or pancreas allografts. New therapies have been developed that can modulate the course of T1D but the effective appli ...

Efficient, cost effective production of hydrogen from non-carbon based sources is a key barrier to widespread implementation of fuel cells for transportation and stationary power. Electrolysis is a promising technology for clean generation of pure hydrogen from water, but significant advances are required in order to provide a cost-competitive hydrogen source for energy markets. Commercial proton ...

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Lyme disease, due to infection with the Ixodes tick-transmitted spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States, with over 38,000 confirmed and probable cases reported to the CDC in 2009. Spirochetes first establish infection in the skin and then disseminate to internal organs such as the heart, the joints, and the ...