Award Data

Successful adoption of open frameworks such as perfSONAR in Science DMZs within DOE labs, universities, and small-businesses, and the emerging trends of software-defined cloud platforms that inherently require multi-domain performance transparency are major drivers for a new market. However, perfSONAR framework and other proprietary solutions developed by industry cannot be effectively integrated ...

Measurement of the vertical profile of H2O vapor in the lower atmosphere can provide new understanding of the dynamics of H2O vapor mass transport. Such measurements can improve predictive capability for precipitation forecasts as well as lead to increased understanding of complex feedback mechanisms involving H2O vapor, temperature, radiative balance, and precipitation and therefore are important ...

Redox flow batteries are a promising technology for electrical energy storage for renewable energy sources; however traditional redox flow batteries are limited in their use due to non-uniform pressure drops and mass transfer limitations, as well as high manufacturing costs related to the felt material costs for the electrode and component alignment challenges during manufacturing.General Statemen ...

The feasibility for fusion as a practical energy source needs to be enhanced significantly by removing some of the restrictions that low-temperature superconductors put on the fusion magnet systems. This can be done by using high-temperature superconductors, allowing for much larger temperature margins, a higher magnet performance and less mechanical degradation during operation. There are curren ...

The laser plasma accelerator (LPA) is a very promising technology for generating gamma rays for the detection of contraband bulk nuclear materials, but is currently limited by the rate at which the beam can be pulsed. Erosion of the capillary plasma channel is the main limiting factor and can be mitigated through the use of artificial diamond to construct the channel. Computational modeling and ...

Carbon dioxide is monitored with high precision at hundreds of monitoring stations, world-wide. Those measurements rely upon frequent calibration using high pressure gas cylinders, which must be certified and then shipped to remote locations. Current calibration procedures are both labor intensive and expensive. Continuous monitoring of CO2 at remote locations presents particularly difficult cali ...

The oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy conversion system has the highest potential of providing efficient renewable energy in the form of electric power but its efficiency to recover a wider range of wave energy frequency and amplitudes must be improved to make the system economics viable. The efficiency can be improved if the OWC wave energy systems can be

Stored nuclear waste must be retrieved from storage, treated, separated into low- and high-level waste streams, and finally put into a disposal form that effectively encapsulates the waste and isolates it from the environment for a long period of time. Before waste retrieval can be done, however, waste composition will need to be characterized so that proper safety precautions can be implemented ...

As the dimensions of fundamental scientific and technological structures and processes become smaller, research in these areas is often limited to a few very large and costly particle accelerator facilities. A revolutionary approach utilizing photonic band-gap (PBG) microstructures offers the opportunity to develop compact highgradient inexpensive accelerators. A unique opportunity of this proposa ...

Bright coherent light sources in the soft x-ray region of the spectrum are useful for a variety of applications of interest to DOE in the basic sciences, nanoscience and biology, and for technological applications. At Free-Electron Laser Facilities, peak power output of the x-ray pulses is enhanced by using a mid-infrared laser pulse instead of a near-infrared pulse. The current front end for mid- ...