Award Data

A SMALLER, LIGHTER, MORE EFFICIENT, AND MORE RELIABLE CLINICAL GAS ANALYZER FOR RESPIRATORY AND ANESTHETIC GAS MONITORING IS NEEDED. EXISTING LASER RAMAN-BASED INSTRUMENTATION USES A LARGE, HEAVY, AND EXTREMELY INEFFICIENT (0.1 PERCENT) ARGON ION LASER WITH AN INTRACAVITY GAS CELL. THE LONG-TERM OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDYIS TO IMPLEMENT A SOLID-STATE ALTERNATIVE TO THE EXISTING ION LASER. SUCH A LASE ...

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THE ZERO CROSSINGS OF WAVEFORMS AS WELL AS THOSE OF DERIVATIVES AND OTHER FUNCTIONS OF THESE WAVEFORMS ARE EASY TO DETERMINE WITH RAPID AND INEXPENSIVE DIGITAL ENCODING FORPROCESSING BY PERSONAL COMPUTERS. THE METHODS ARE SUPPORTEDBY MATHEMATICS, WHICH IS NECESSARY IF THEORY IS TO BE EXTENDED TO UNFAMILIAR AREAS. MEASUREMENTS ARE ALMOST INDEPENDENT OF AMPLITUDE SCALING AND ARE REPEATABLE. PHASE I ...

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FLOW/STERIC FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION (FLOW/STFFF) IS A RECENTLY DEVELOPED METHOD WITH EXTRAORDINARY SPEED AND RESOLVING POWER DESIGNED TO SEPARATE PARTICULATE MATERIALS FALLING ROUGHLY IN THE 1 TO 100 MUM PARTICLE DIAMETER RANGE. THE OBJECT OF THIS PROJECT IS TO EXAMINE THE POTENTIAL OF CONVERTING THIS RESEARCH FINDING INTO A FAST AND RELIABLE TOOL FOR THE FRACTIONATION AND CHARACTERIZATIONOF CELL ...

FREE TISSUE TRANSFER HAS REVOLUTIONIZED MANY AREAS OF RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY. AS FREE TISSUE TRANSFER IS NOW BEING DONE ROUTINELY AT INSTITUTIONS WHERE INEXPERIENCED STAFF ARE UNABLE TO ADEQUATELY MONITOR VIABILITY, THE NEED FOR A RELIABLE METHOD TO MONITOR THE PATENCY OF MICROVASCULAR ANASTOMOSES HAS BECOME INCREASINGLY EVIDENT. ACCURATE MONITORING OF BLOOD FLOW DURING AND AFTER SURGERY IS ESSENT ...

THE APPLICATION OF PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES TO BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS FREQUENTLY LEADS TO SITUATIONS IN WHICH THE QUANTITATIVE TREATMENT OF CONCEPTUALLY SIMPLE MODELS IS CONFOUNDED BY THE COMPLEXITY OF THE SYSTEM. SUCH IS THE CASE, FOR EXAMPLE, IN THE STUDY OF THE PERMEATION (AND POSSIBLE CONCURRENT METABOLISM) OF DRUGS THROUGH COMPLEX BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES, THE PHYSIOLOGICAL MODELING OF THE DISTRI ...

MOLECULAR PROBES AIMS TO DEVELOP SEVERAL NEW FLUORESCENT PROBES OF UTILITY IN MANY AREAS. FLUORESCENT DYES HAVE EXTENSIVE APPLICATIONS FOR DETERMINATION OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURES AND MECHANISMS, CELL PROPERTIES AND INTERACTIONS,NORMAL AND DISEASE STATES, AND AS ULTRASENSITIVE VISIBLE TRACERS. NEW DYES ARE REQUIRED FOR GREATER SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF DETECTION, IMPROVED SPECTRAL PROPERTIES, ...

MOLECULAR PROBES, INC. PROPOSES TO DEVELOP IMPROVED FLUOROPHORES ON WHICH TO BASE FLUORESCENT ENZYME SUBSTRATES. THE FLUOROPHORES WILL HAVE HIGHER SENSITIVITY THAN THOSE IN CURRENT USE AND ARE DESIGNED TO HAVE LOWER INTERFERENCE FROM SAMPLE AUTOFLUORESCENCE. SOME OF THE FLUOROPHORES WILL HAVE SPECTRAL PROPERTIES DESIGNED TO PERMIT USE OF LOW-COST, LONG-WAVELENGTH EXCITATION SOURCES. NEW WAYS OF QU ...