Award Data

The composition of atmospheric particulate matter (“aerosols”) strongly influences health and environmental impacts, but there exist few time-resolved, long-term records of particle-phase chemical composition due to lack of appropriate monitoring tools. Needed is an instrument that is robust, easy-to-operate, with automated calibrations and data reduction, to provide operationally-inexpensive ...

As the United States aging fleet of nuclear reactors approach the end other their lifetimes, a new generation of nuclear reactors (Generation IV) are being developed to ensure national energy security without emissions or pollutants as a byproduct. However, there are many technological hurdles associated with the extreme corrosive environments required by molten salt reactor designs. This presents ...

Quantifying atmospheric aerosol, clouds and precipitation processes are critical needs for understanding and interpreting Earth’s changing energy budget, is a DOE objective, and is of broader benefit to the public. Specifically, the formation of ice in the atmosphere depends on the nature and abundance of ice nucleating particles, and has major implications for precipitation and cloud interactio ...

For the foreseeable future, the Nation’s energy demand will continue to come largely from indigenous fossil energy resources and hydrocarbon fuels. Specifically waste coal plus other opportunity fuels need to be utilized as a feedstock to eliminate a waste stream and optimized to maximize energy yield and cleanly minimize pollutant emissions. Modular equipment is needed for installation in coal ...

The current generation of high-gain free-electron lasers require long undulators to achieve saturation power, and can extract only 1% of the electron beam power. High-efficiency recirculating free-electron laser concepts require substantially shorter undulators and may be able to achieve more than 10% extraction efficiency, but will require improved modeling and controls to realize their efficienc ...

Successful operation of the Department of Energy (DOE) X-ray light sources, free electron laser (FEL), Ultrafast Electron Diffraction (UED), and linear accelerator facilities requires photocathodes capable of delivering high quantum efficiency (QE), high-brightness, and ultra-low emittance electron beams. Cryogenic temperature experiments have demonstrated the potential to lower the intrinsic emit ...

Next-generation light sources will rely on closely arranged sequences of high-field magnets to achieve ambitious beam parameters and high brightness. Codes available for 3D modeling and design of magnetic systems are inadequate for capturing the overlapping fields from these dense arrays of magnets. Moreover, these codes suffer from poor parallel performance, leading to long turn-around times that ...

The DOE is investing heavily in synchrotron x-ray sources, providing the scientific community with some of the world’s most powerful microscopes. The next generation of these machines re- quires a variety of new magnets. These magnets are highly complex, making the the design process challenging. Detailed, cost-effective design of these magnets requires accurate computer-aided modeling of the ma ...

Proposed electron-ion collider (EIC) designs require hadron beam cooling at collision energies. One choice is magnetized electron cooling with high-charge relativistic electron bunches. Dynamic friction is the key physics underlying electron cooling. Present design efforts are based on parametric and approximate models for magnetized dynamic friction, which were developed for low-energy cooling sy ...

Fossil energy (FE)-based systems are able to achieve higher efficiencies, lower emissions, and improved reliability and availability (lower total operating costs), through advanced controls enabled by real-time sensor measurements and data processing. Within turbines, the monitoring of high speed pressure fluctuations within compressor and combustion sections can be used as part of active control ...