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HIGHLY RELIABLE COMPUTERS ARE NEEDED TO SUPPORT EXECUTION OF SAFETY CRITICAL SOFTWARE. MODERN VLSI TECHNOLOGY, COUPLED WITH ADVANCED FAULT TOLERANCE TECHNIQUES, OFFERS THE POTENTIAL OF A COMPUTER WITH A PREDICTED RELIABILITY OF .9999 OVER A 5 YEAR OPERATING CYCLE WITHOUT REPAIR. USING VOTING TECHNIQUES TO DETECT AND MASK THE EFFECTS OF BOTH...AND TRANSIENT FAILURES, IT APPEARS PRACTICAL TO REDUCE ...

PURIFICATION OF THE PRODUCTS OF AN ENZYMATIC REACTION FROM DILUTE AQUEOUS SOLUTION CAN BE ENERGY- AND EQUIPMENT- INTENSIVE. HOWEVER, TWO-LAYER MEMBRANE BIOREACTORS CONSISTING OF SANDWICHES OF PERMSELECTIVE AND IMMOBILIZED ENZYME MEMBRANES CAN BE DESIGNED TO SEPARATE AND CONCENTRATEREACTION PRODUCTS AS THEY ARE PRODUCED, THEREBY IMPROVING EFFICIENCY AND ECONOMY OF BIOCONVERSION PROCESSES. IN THE PR ...

MANY REVERSE-OSMOSIS MEMBRANES COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE TODAY ARE MADE FROM POLYAMIDE OR POLYUREA MEMBRANES. THESE MEMBRANES GIVE HIGH SALT REJECTION AND HIGH WATER FLUX- YET ARE RAPIDLY DEGRADED WHEN EXPOSED TO TRACE LEVELS OF CHLORINE OR OTHER HALOGEN DISINFECTANTS USED FOR THE PRETREATMENT OF FEED WATERS. EFFORTS TO DEVELOP CHLORINE-RESISTANT MEMBRANES HAVE BEEN SLOW BECAUSE OF THE INCOMPLETE UND ...

VIRTUALLY ALL POLYMERIC MEMBRANES ARE MORE PERMEABLE TO OXYGEN THAN TO NITROGEN. IN CURRENT COMMERCIAL MEMBRANES THE RATIO OF OXYGEN TO NITROGEN PERMEABILITIES IS BETWEEN 2 AND 5. WITH THESE LOW SELECTIVITIES, THE HIGHEST-PURITY OXYGEN-ENRICHED AIR OBTAINABLE IN A SINGLE MEMBRANE STAGE ISABOUT 50%-AND MORE TYPICALLY, MEMBRANE PROCESSES MAKE 30 TO 35% OXYGEN. THIS PROPOSAL ADDRESSES THE DEVELOPMENT ...

AIRCRAFT FUEL TANKS CAN BE PROTECTED FROM FIRE AND EXPLOSION BY FILLING THE VAPOR SPACE ABOVE THE LIQUID FUEL WITH AN INERT GAS SUCH AS NITROGEN. A LOW-MAINTENANCE, MEMBRANE-BASED ON-BOARD INERT GAS GENERATION SYSTEMS (OBIGGS) IS A PROMISING ALTERNATIVE TO THE CURRENTLY USED HIGH-MAINTENANCE LIQUID NITROGEN SYSTEM. HOWEVER, RECENTLY DEVELOPED MEMBRANE-BASED OBIGGS ARE INEFFICIENT IN THEIR REMOVAL ...

IN THE NEAR FUTURE, SUSTAINED PRODUCTION OF LARGE (KG) QUANTITIES OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES (MAB) WILL BE REQUIRED FOR THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS AND MEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS. MEMBRANE PROCESSES ARE WELL SUITED TO PROCESSING LARGE VOLUMES OF CULTURE FLUID FOR RECOVERY OF PROTEIN PRODUCTS. THE LONG-TERM OBJECTIVE OF THE PROPOSED RESEARCH IS TO DEVELOP AN EFFECTIVE AND ECONOMICAL MEMBRANE PROCESS FOR THECON ...

MANY U.S. INDUSTRIES ARE FINDING THAT THEIR SURVIVAL WILL DEPEND ON SUBSTANTIALLY IMPROVED PRODUCTIVITY. THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW SENSORS IS VITAL TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ROBOTICS OR AUTOMATION, THE MOST COMMON MEANS OF INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY. IN ONE OF THE MOST PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO ANALYZING COMPLEX MIXTURES, PARTIALLY SELECTIVE SENSORS ARE COMBINED IN AN ARRAY WITH APPROPRIATE ELECTRONIC PROC ...

THE PROPOSED WORK IS DIRECTED TOWARD THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL AND EFFICIENT METHOD FOR THE CONTINUOUS ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF BIOMOLECULES FROM COMPLEX AND DILUTE MIXTURES. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGY ALLOW THE DESIGN AND CULTURE OF MICROORGANISMS AND CELLS CAPABLE OF PRODUCINGSPECIFIC PROTEINS AND ENZYMES OF CLINICAL AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE. PRODUCTION OF THESE PROTEIN PRODUCTS CONSI ...

THIS PROPOSAL ADDRESSES THE DEVELOPMENT OF A LIQUID OXYGEN ABSORBENT THAT COULD BE USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH-PURI-TY OXYGEN. WHEN USED IN THE TEMPERATURE-SWING MODE, AND IN CONVENTIONAL GAS/LIQUID CONTACTING EQUIPMENT, THE ABSORBENT COULD PRODUCE HIGH-PURITY OXYGEN (98 TO 99%). IT IS ANTICI CIPATED THAT SUCH A PROCESS WOULD BE COMPETIVE WITH CRYOGEN IC FRACTIONATION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF OXYG ...

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