Award Data

ADVANCED SOLAR COLLECTOR TECHNOLOGY CAN PROVIDE LIGHT INTENSITIES SEVERAL THOUSAND TIMES THAT OF INCOMING SUNLIGHT. ACHIEVEMENT OF SUCH INTENSITIES SUGGESTS A NOVEL OPPORTUNITY: PROMOTION OF MULTIPHOTON CHEMICAL PROCESSES BY SOLAR SOURCES. AT VERY HIGH LIGHT INTENSITIES, MORE THANONE QUANTUM OF RADIATION CAN BE ABSORBED BY A SINGLE MOLECULE. THE RESULTANT MULTIPHOTON ABSORPTION CAN LEAD TO NEW PHO ...

A METHOD TO DISCOVER HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS IN THE HUMAN BODY IS ESSENTIAL TO DETERMINE THE LOCATION OF INFECTIONS OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN (OCCULT ABSCESSES) AND FOR OTHER CONDITIONS. PRESENT METHODS ARE EXPENSIVE, TIME-CONSUMING, AND REQUIRE SIGNIFICANT TECHNICAL EXPERTISE.THIS PROJECT WILL INVOLVE PREPARATION OF A RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL FOR USE IN DETECTING OCCULT ABSCESSES AND OTHER CO ...

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EXISTING INSTRUMENTATION FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF GAS MIXTURES DO NOT PROVIDE THE CAPABILITY FOR REAL-TIME MEASUREMENT OF A BROAD RANGE OF SPECIES AT TRACE (PPB) CONCENTRATION LEVELS. SUCH A CAPABILITY IS IMPORTANT IN MANY APPLICATIONS IN ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH, POLLUTION CONTROL, TOXIC GAS SENSING, AND INDUSTRIAL PROCESS MONITORING. ALTHOUGH SPECIALIZED LASER METHODS HAVE BEEN DEMONSTRATED FOR MEAS ...

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AVAILABLE IN ABUNDANCE IN THE UNITED STATES AND THROUGHTOUT THE WORLD, NATURAL GAS REPRESENTS AN ENORMOUS ENERGY RESERVE. HOWEVER, DIRECT USE OF NATURAL GAS AS FUEL IS CONSTRAINED BY NUMEROUS DIFICULTITES: LOW COMBUSTION EFFICIENCY, UNRELIABLE IGNITION (MISFIRING), AND TRANSPORTATION. A DESIRABLE ALTERNATIVE TO DIRECT USE OF NATURAL GAS IS TO UPGRADE IT TO HIGHER VALUE, TRANSPORTABLE HYDROCARBONS ...

APPLICATIONS OF THE NEW HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS IN ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS REQUIRE THE DEVELOPMENT OF WELL-CONTROLLED TECHNIQUES FOR FABRICATING THIN FILMS OF THEMATERIALS. CONSIDERABLE SUCCESS HAS BEEN OBTAINED WITH PULSED EXCIMER LASER DEPOSITION. THIS METHOD HAS DEMONSTRATED EXCELLENT CONTROL OVER CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND PHASE. HOWEVER, THE FILMS OFTEN CONTAIN UNWANTED PARTICULATE MATER ...

THERE IS INCREASING INTEREST WITHIN THE HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS COMMUNITY IN INVESTIGATING ELECTRON INTERACTION PHENOMENA ATENERGIES NEAR 1 TEV. A LINEAR COLLIDER, HAVING A DESIGN BASED ON THE RELATIVISTIC KLYSTRON TWO-BEAM ACCELERATOR (RK/TBA) DESCRIBED BY SESSLER AND YU, OFFERS A PARTICULARLY ATTRACTIVE APPROACH TO ACHIEVING SUCH ENERGIES. IN THIS APPROACH, HIGH ENERGY, LOW CURRENT ELECTRON BEAMS AR ...

THERE IS A NEED FOR NOVEL WATER-SOLUBLE BIOPOLYMERS THAT TOLERATE LONG-TERM EXPOSURE TO TEMPERATURES EXCEEDING 90 DEGREES CENTIGRADE FOR USE IN ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY. THESE CONDITIONS ARE ENCOUNTERED IN DEEP WELLS. THE BIOPOLYMERS EXHIBIT A COMBINATION OF OTHER USEFUL PROPERTIES, I.E., VISCOSITY RETENTION AT HIGH TEMPERATURES, GOOD SOLUBILITY IN HARD BRINES, LOW ABSORPTIVITY IN ROCK FORMATIONS, AN ...

THE FASTBUS SYSTEM SPECIFICATION FOR HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS ANDOTHER DATA-SYSTEM APPLICATIONS ANTICIPATES THE USE OF MULTIPLE, HIGH PERFORMANCE PROCESSOR MODULES FOR DATA CONTROL AND EVENT REDUCTION ASSOCIATED WITH EXPERIMENTS IN THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES. EXISTING PROCESSOR DESIGNS WILL BE UNABLE TO COPE WITH THE PROJECTED DATA-REDUCTION AND EVENT-HANDLING REQUIREMENTS OF THE COMPLEX EXPERIMENTS PLANNED ...