Award Data

The use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect contaminants such as solvents, fuels, and pesticides in soil and water samples is now well established. Although ELISA and related methods can facilitate analysis of samples, several washing and separation steps are involved that require 30 to 120 minutes per sample to reach equilibrium. Recently, near infrared fluorescence immunoassa ...

MRC PROPOSES TO DEVELOP A SAFETY PERFORMANCE INDICATOR (PI) OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC (EM) PROTECTION STATUS OF A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT (NPP). WE BELIEVE THAT SUCH A PI IS NEEDED BECAUSE: (1) EM ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION IS ON THE INCREASE,(2) ADDITIONAL EM THREATS MUST BE EVALUATED, AND (3) DISRUPTION OF NPP OPERATIONS BY EM EFFECTS CAN AND MUST BE AVOIDED. PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE ADDRESSED THE ISSUE OF E ...

CURRENT METAL CUTTING AND FINISHING OPERATIONS USE SKIMMING AND FILTRATION TO TRY TO SEPARATE WASTES FROM THEIR WATER BASED CUTTING FLUIDS. THE RESIDUAL LIQUID FROM THE FILTRATION CONSISTS OF ULTRAFINE METAL PARTICLES CONTAINING HAZARDOUS HEAVY METALS LIKE LEAD, ZINC, AND CADMIUM AND A TIGHTLY EMULSIFIED OIL-IN-WATER PHASE. THIS SLUDGE IS NOT AMENABLE TO FURTHER TREATMENT AND MUST BE HAULED OFF AS ...

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EXISTING WATER TREATMENT PLANTS ARE NOT VERY EFFECTIVE FOR THE REMOVAL OF A GROWING LIST OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS THAT POLLUTE OUR WATERS. ONE TREATMENT TECHNIQUE THAT IS HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FOR ORGANIC REMOVAL IS ADSORPTION ON GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON (GAC). COST HAS BEEN A MAJOR OBSTACLE TO EXPANDING THE USE OF GAC TREATMENT AND ADSORPTION SYSTEMS WHICH MUST BE OPTIMIZED IF THEY ARE TO PROVIDE COST EF ...

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SOIL WASHING OR FLUSHING HAS BEEN SHOWN TO BE AN EFFECTIVE METHOD FOR REMOVING HEAVY METALS FROM METAL-CONTAMINATED SOILS AT SUPERFUND SITES. SANDY SOILS CAN OFTEN BE WASHED WITH WATER TO MOBILIZE METAL IONS IN AN AQUEOUS PHASE, BUT FOR CLAY SOILS OR SOILS WHICH CONTAIN INSOLUBLE METAL COMPOUNDS, E.G., LEAD SULFATE, OTHER ADDITIVES SUCH AS CHELATING AGENTS (EDTA) ARE USED TO EFFECT TRANSFER OF MET ...

THE PLATING AND ELECTRONICS INDUSTRIES ARE REQUIRED BY STATEAND FEDERAL REGULATIONS TO REMOVE TOXIC, HEAVY METALS FROM WASTEWATER STREAMS BEFORE DISCHARGE. THE SEMICONDUCTOR AND AND PRINTED CIRCUIT INDUSTRY ALONE REMOVED OVER 7.2 TONS OF HEAVY METALS FROM WASTEWATER IN 1983. MUCH OF THE RECOVERED METALS ARE DISCARDED AS SLUDGES, BECAUSE TECHNIQUES FOR RECOVERING AND SEPARATING THE METAL IONS ARE U ...

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