Award Data

The use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect contaminants such as solvents, fuels, and pesticides in soil and water samples is now well established. Although ELISA and related methods can facilitate analysis of samples, several washing and separation steps are involved that require 30 to 120 minutes per sample to reach equilibrium. Recently, near infrared fluorescence immunoassa ...

Drinking water filtration plants nationwide are failing to adequately reduce the public health risk due to exposure to sometimes lethal Cryptosporidium and other microbial particle levels. New regulations also will require reduction of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to minimize the risk from potentially carcinogenic reaction by-products resulting from disinfection. Particle and DBP precursors ar ...

The U.S. demand for chlorinated hydrocarbons exceeds 15 million tons annually. The production of these chemicals requires chlorine (Cl2) and produces HCl as an unavoidable by-product. Stringent environmental regulations limit the shipment of hazardous wastes like HCl, and the disposal of HCl by neutralization is costly. A consortium of 15 companies is developing an in-process recycling system t ...

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NITROGEN OXIDES (NO AND NO2 OR NOX) ARE AMONG THE MOST PERVASIVE AND DIFFICULT EMISSIONS TO CONTROL. CURRENTLY, THERE ARE NO COMMERCIAL CATALYTIC PROCESSES CAPABLE OF DECOMPOSING NOX WITHOUT THE ADDITION OF A REDUCING GAS. CURRENT SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION (SCR) SYSTEMS FOR USE IN OXIDIZING ENVIRONMENTS USE AMMONIA AS THE REDUCING AGENT. AMMONIA SCR REQUIRES THE HANDLING OF LARGE QUANTITIES OF ...

AUTOMOTIVE CATALYTIC CONVERTERS ARE QUITE EFFICIENT ONCE THEY REACH OPERATING TEMPERATURE, TYPICALLY DESTROYING OVER 98% OF THE INCOMING HYDROCARBONS (HCS) AND CARBON MONOXIDE (CO). HOWEVER, UP TO 80% OF THE EMISSIONS DURING THE FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE OCCUR DURING THE FIRST FEW MINUTES WHEN THE ENGINE IS RUNNING RICH, THE OXYGEN SENSOR IS NOT YET OPERATIONAL, AND THE CATALYTIC CONVERTER HAS NOT RE ...