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Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is one of the most widely used techniques for chemical analysis, representing a market size of over $1B. Infrared spectroscopy is also fast, sensitive, affordable and easy to use, but suffers from a fundamental limit on spatial resolution on the scale of one to many micrometers. A very large number of modern materials and devices have nanometer scale ...

CO2 separation and capture is a global topic that is closely related to energy and environment. Separation via membrane techniques is energy-efficient compared to other separation techniques. Among various membranes, porous membranes usually have good performance in gas flux but poor performance in selectivity. The flux of a porous membrane is dependent on the membrane thickness; the selectivity o ...

Emissions from energy production and other anthropogenic activities are altering the physical and chemical properties of the atmosphere and have been linked to climate change, environmental degradation, human health problems, and changes in clouds and aerosols. Modelers of climate change require observational constraints on the particle cloud nucleating ability and hygroscopic growth in order to p ...

The safety, reliability and efficiency of direct-fired sCO2 cycles depend to a large extent upon the combustor performance. However, multi-scale interactions between turbulence and chemistry remain an unresolved issue in theoretical, experimental and numerical investigations of environments at supercritical pressures. This investigation aims to identify unjustified assumptions in existing models f ...

High quality spin polarization is an expectation for many users of Nuclear physics facilities. Accelerator operators and designers currently do not have real time, non-invasive polarization monitors, and no direct way to automate polarization quality optimization. The Thomas Jefferson National Laboratory (JLAB), Cornell’s Laboratory of Elementary-Particle Physics (LEPP) and, Electrodynamic, have ...

Many atomic processes occur on timescales that are as short as tens to hundreds of femtoseconds. While pulsed lasers have the temporal resolution to investigate these processes, they cannot provide the requisite spatial resolution. Ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) and Dynamic transmission electron microscopy (DTEM) are pulsed electron techniques that have been recently developed to examine the ...

The “ARM” microprocessor architecture, commonly used in cell phones and tablets, is emerging as a key technology for energy-efficient high performance computing (HPC). An easy-to-use and robust tool chain for understanding, porting and refactoring existing HPC codes is essential to unlocking the full potential of ARM in the HPC realm. General Statement of How this Problem is Being Addressed: E ...

As computational density for high- performance computing and big-data services continues to scale, performance scalability of next generation computing systems is becoming increasingly constrained by limitations in memory access, power dissipation and chip packaging. The processor-memory communication bottleneck, a major challenge in current multicore processors due to limited pin-out and power bu ...

With current hydraulic fracturing processes, large volumes of water are required to stimulate natural gas and oil production from tight shale formations. Moreover, unconventional reservoirs are water-sensitive due to their high clay content, which may lead to formation damage and potential reduction to hydrocarbon production. Over the past years, new technologies have been presented as an alternat ...

Wide band gap devices are considered a key future electronics technology in a number of applications especially for high-power electronics. These devices are based on high-quality epitaxial films of wide band gap materials such as GaN deposited on single-crystal wafers. The single-crystal substrates are limiting because of the wafer size, expense, mechanical properties and availability. Providing ...