Award Data

70307 Many DOE sites have the need to monitor radionuclide contamination in surface water, groundwater, soils, and the vadose zone. In many cases, a real-time and/or remote monitoring capability is desired. Existing site characterization procedures typically involve the collection and shipment of samples to an off-site laboratory, which leads to costly delays in site remediation as ...

65821 Aircraft measurements of ammonia and nitric acid can provide critical information on the sources and sinks of these atmospheric nitrogen species. This is important in understanding air quality, aerosol formation, visibility, and the impact of energy production and usage on global climate change. This project will develop a compact tunable infrared laser differential absorption spectro ...

70814 Measurements of atmospheric concentrations of CO2 and CO from aircraft and remote sites play a central role in strategies for quantifying the sources and sinks of carbon and for controlling global warming from greenhouse gas emissions. A highly sensitive, automated, and robust sensor for CO2 and CO is needed for this purpose. This project will develop an instrument to measure CO2 ...

65892 High power applications typically use power converters that are large, expensive, difficult to control, and present significant engineering challenges as power density and power capacity increase. Gate Turn Off thyristor systems, including variants that utilize Emitter Turn Off thyristors and Integrated Gate Commutated thyristors, exhibit slow switching speeds, have poor reverse bias s ...

65526 Current and next generation experiments in nuclear and particle physics require detectors with high spatial resolution, fast response, and accurate energy information. However, in many nuclear physics experiments, the existing detector technology is the limiting factor. This project will develop a position-sensitive silicon avalanche photodiode that can be produced in large area a ...

65689 For an increasing number of human diseases, smaller animals such as mice and rats can serve as effective models. Accordingly, high-resolution radionuclide imaging, such as positron emission tomography (PET), of small animals can contribute unique information. However, clinical PET scanners used for human imaging are bulky and expensive, and do not have adequate spatial resolution for sma ...

65584 The monitoring of tritium on various surfaces at DOE facilities presents unique challenges for dosimetry and health-risk assessment. Thus, there is a need for a hand-held, direct-reading instrument. So far, the methods proposed for this purpose have not had the sensitivity (or required long count times) to be of practical use. This project will develop a practical, easy-to-use, multi- ...

70001 Current and next generation experiments in nuclear and particle physics require detectors with high spatial resolution, fast response, and accurate energy information. In many nuclear physics experiments, existing detector technology is the limiting factor. This project will investigate a promising detector concept with wide applicability to particle physics and many other applicat ...

70062 Gamma ray spectrometers are an important tool for checking the proliferation of the nuclear weapons. The requirements for the ?-ray spectrometers used in this application include good energy resolution, high detection efficiency, compact size, light weight, portability, and low power requirements. None of the available spectrometers satisfy all these requirements. This project will ...

70000 Scintillation spectrometers, consisting of inorganic scintillation crystals coupled to photomultiplier tubes, are an important element of nuclear and elementary particle physics experiments. However, the performance of detection systems used in these experiments is often limited by the properties of currently available scintillators. This project will investigate a new scintill ...