Award Data

65668 Flow cytometers are established clinical and research tools with application to proteomics, drug discovery, and the fight against bioterrorism. This project will develop several flow cytometer innovations to improve overall efficiency; reduce size, resource requirements, and cost; and, most importantly, permit greater amounts of information to be extracted from each cellular interrogatio ...

65691 Extremely bright, affordable, photocathode electron sources are required for future DOE facilities such as the Next Linear Collider and Next Generation Light Sources. An electron gun with greater than 1 nC per bunch and less than 1 p mm-mrad normalized transverse rms emittance would meet this need, but the sub 1 p mm-mrad target remains elusive. Because axisymmetry has been shown ...

65821 Aircraft measurements of ammonia and nitric acid can provide critical information on the sources and sinks of these atmospheric nitrogen species. This is important in understanding air quality, aerosol formation, visibility, and the impact of energy production and usage on global climate change. This project will develop a compact tunable infrared laser differential absorption spectro ...

65892 High power applications typically use power converters that are large, expensive, difficult to control, and present significant engineering challenges as power density and power capacity increase. Gate Turn Off thyristor systems, including variants that utilize Emitter Turn Off thyristors and Integrated Gate Commutated thyristors, exhibit slow switching speeds, have poor reverse bias s ...

65526 Current and next generation experiments in nuclear and particle physics require detectors with high spatial resolution, fast response, and accurate energy information. However, in many nuclear physics experiments, the existing detector technology is the limiting factor. This project will develop a position-sensitive silicon avalanche photodiode that can be produced in large area a ...

65584 The monitoring of tritium on various surfaces at DOE facilities presents unique challenges for dosimetry and health-risk assessment. Thus, there is a need for a hand-held, direct-reading instrument. So far, the methods proposed for this purpose have not had the sensitivity (or required long count times) to be of practical use. This project will develop a practical, easy-to-use, multi- ...

65689 For an increasing number of human diseases, smaller animals such as mice and rats can serve as effective models. Accordingly, high-resolution radionuclide imaging, such as positron emission tomography (PET), of small animals can contribute unique information. However, clinical PET scanners used for human imaging are bulky and expensive, and do not have adequate spatial resolution for sma ...

65177 Remote sensing is required for the measurement of sequestered carbon in heavily wooded areas. Airborne or satellite borne radar measurement systems would be preferred due to their ability to cover large areas rapidly and be used in all weather conditions, both day and night. However, existing airborne and satellite radar sensor systems have frequencies above 400 MHz, which cannot penet ...

65699 The availability of High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) wire, manufactured by a reliable, low-cost process, could revolutionize the electric power industry. For example, compact power transmission cables, motors, and generators could be attained by using high temperature superconductors (HTS) with a high critical current density Jc at 77K and magnetic fields of up to 1.5 Tesla. The su ...

65519 The corrosion of metal alloys used in energy production and conservation limits the lifetime of components made from these materials. The metal surfaces are protected by passive oxide layers, yet basic questions about how these layers break down and initiate corrosion are not answered. This project will develop a non-invasive, video microscopy technique to assay the initiation and subs ...