Award Data

Statement of the Problem: Ambient aerosol particles play a significant role in adversely affecting human health, in altering the chemistry and the radiative balance of the Earth’s atmosphere, and in reducing visibility. However, there are significant uncertainties in the sources and chemical transformations of particulate matter and how they relate to climate forcing. Organic aerosol is a key co ...

As computational density for high-performance computing and big-data services continues to scale, performance scalability of next generation computing systems is becoming increasingly constrained by limitations in memory access, power dissipation and chip packaging. The processor-memory communication bottleneck, a major challenge in current multicore processors due to limited pin-out and power bud ...

CO2 separation and capture is a global topic that is closely related to energy and environment. Separation via membrane techniques is energy-efficient compared to other separation techniques. Among various membranes, porous membranes usually have good performance in gas flux but poor performance in selectivity. The flux of a porous membrane is dependent on the membrane thickness; the selectivity o ...

In order to support further advances in Nuclear Physics, experiments using Cherenkov radiation and fast scintillators in calorimetry & dual calorimetry, would require new optical detectors with enhanced spectral response to blue and UV wavelengths, low timing jitter, high energy resolution, dynamic range and operation in high radiation and magnetic fields. SiPM silicon-based solid-state photo-mult ...

The primary objective of the proposed project is to develop and validate turbulence and combustion models for high-fidelity simulation of combustion under supercritical conditions relevant to direct-fired supercritical CO2 power cycles. Supercritical CO2 cycles have gained much interest recently because of their potential for increased efficiency over the traditional power cycles. Direct-fired cyc ...

High quality spin polarization is an expectation for many users of Nuclear physics facilities. Accelerator operators and designers currently do not have real time, non-invasive polarization monitors, and no direct way to automate polarization quality optimization. The Thomas Jefferson National Laboratory (JLAB), Cornell’s Laboratory of Elementary-Particle Physics (LEPP) and, Electrodynamic, have ...

Wide band gap devices are considered a key future electronics technology in a number of applications especially for high-power electronics. These devices are based on high-quality epitaxial films of wide band gap materials such as GaN deposited on single-crystal wafers. The single-crystal substrates are limiting because of the wafer size, expense, mechanical properties and availability. Providing ...

The proposed program provides a new biomass conversion technology to produce FDCA, 2,5- furandicarboxylic acid, to replace hydrocarbon chemicals for production of plasticizers and polyester polymers. FDCA is currently produced from hexose carbohydrates, such as sucrose or high fructose corn syrup. Recent trends in global petroleum pricing have greatly reduced biomass raw material cost ...

As legislation continues to tighten regulations on emissions for coal-fired power plants, new technologies and control strategies are required. Mercury and other coal contaminants are of interest due to the cost associated with capture and disposal of toxic mercury species. More recently, the Fossil Energy program at DOE has identified spouted bed systems for thermal desorption of mercury as a via ...

Dependence on fossil fuels for energy has led to a far reaching secondary problem of increasing carbon dioxide concentrations. This rise in CO2, as well as the other so called “greenhouse gasses” has in turn led to global climate change, and increasing temperatures. There is a need to go beyond the basic capture and storage approaches to mitigating this CO2 rise. With the ever growing demand f ...