Award Data

Advanced thin-film multilayer x-ray optics such as multilayer Laue lenses (MLLs) are typically fabricated using physical vapor deposition (PVD) processes. Such optics play a critical role in the application of x-ray beams for research in many diverse scientific disciplines. Due to the large number of layers required, and thus the long fabrication time, the deposition rate must be precisely control ...

Internal combustion engine powered vehicles not only consume a major part of the worlds petroleum resources but also are responsible for severe air pollution. Near Zero emission electricity powered vehicles EV), hybridized electric vehicle HEV) and more recently plug-in hybridized electric vehicle PHEV) seem to be promising alternatives. However, up to date, the lack of suitable batteries and exce ...

Biomass is a unique renewable energy resource that can be converted to power, carbon-based fuels, or chemicals. However, bioenergy generation using biomass introduces a number of aggressive species such as alkali halide salts into process environments, resulting in accelerated degradation of combustor components. To achieve cost effective production of bioenergy and bioproducts, a low cost protect ...

Statement of the Problem or Situation that is Being Addressed Current and future data centers and high-performance computing (HPC) centers need optical communication links to transmit the aggregate data rates that are generated by servers. For these, applications current optical gears that are designed for telecommunication applications are expensive, take large space and do not match to small for ...

Next generation reactor concepts have a common goal of providing safer, longer lasting and economically viable nuclear power plants. Developing radiation damage resistant materials for both in-core and out-of core applications is a critical component of these next generation power plants. Testing these novel materials requires an intense neutron setting. A commonly used tool for testing novel mate ...

A STEAMFLOODING/STEAM GENERATION SYSTEM IS PROPOSED FOR DEEP, HEAVY OIL RESERVOIRS. THIS CONCEPT MINIMIZES THE DOWNHOLE HEAT LOSSES, IMPROVES RELIABILITY AND REDUCES THE COST OF STEAM GENERATION. ITS FEATURES WILL MAKE STEAMING OF VERY DEEP WELLS (BELOW 7500 FEET) TECHNICALLY AND ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE, AND WILL IMPROVE THE ECONOMICS OF SHALLOWER WELL STEAMFLOODING. THIS NOVEL CONCEPT SUPPLIES HEAT ...

Proposed designs for a Future Circular Collider (FCC) to collide protons with a center-of-mass energy of 100 TeV call for dipoles with fields up to 20 Tesla (T). This is significantly beyond the present technology and requires using High Temperature Superconductors (HTS). The recent Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5), organized by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), strongly supp ...

TO ACHIEVE PRECISE SHAPING OF DENSITY PROFILES IN FUSION REACTORS WITH PELLET FUELING, INJECTION VELOCITIES OF UP TO 10 KM/SEC MAY BE REQUIRED FOR PELLETS OF A FEW MILLIGRAMS IN MASS. PRESENT PELLET INJECTORS BASED ON THE PNEUMATIC GUN OR CENTRIFUGE PRINCIPLES ARE CAPABLE OF ATTAINING VELOCITIES OF ABOUT 2 KM/SEC, AND THE BASIC CONCEPTS DO NOT APPEAR TO BE EASILY SCALABLE TO HIGHER PERFORMANCES. A ...

THIS PROJECT IS TO DESIGN AND CONSTRUCT A MICROCOMPUTER-BASED INSTRUMENT FOR QUANTITATING SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS OF NUCLEIC ACIDS (DNA AND RNA) SEPARATED ACCORDING TO SIZE BY GEL ELECTROPHORESIS. THE STARTING POINT FOR ANALYSIS OF FLUORESCENCE-STAINED DNA IN GELS WILL BE THE IMAGE DIGITIZATION OF THE ENTIRE GEL ELECTROPHORETIC PATTERN (OR SPECIFIED PORTIONS OF IT) SO THAT THE RELATIVE INTENSITIES OF F ...

Phase I of this Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) project was conducted under Department of Energy's (DOE) Advanced Technologies for Nuclear Energy (NE) topic 19(b), entitled Advanced Technologies for the Fabrication, Characterization of Nuclear Reactor Fuel. Phase II preserves the two-pronged vision and goals outlined in Phase I. First, this project seeks to provide a technological a ...