Award Data

Some Generation IV nuclear reactor designs call for the employment of high reactor core temperatures, in order to improve the thermodynamic efficiency of the power generation and efficiently produce process heat. Materials are required that are capable of sustaining temperatures approaching 1000C and also are stable in a high radiation environment. The outer containment of the control rod materi ...

Within the Genomes-to-Life Roadmap, there is a lack of standardized semantics to accurately describe data objects and persistently express knowledge change over time. As research methods and biological concepts evolve, certainty about the correct interpretation of prior data and published results decreases, because both become overloaded with synonymous and polysemous terms. NamesforLife (N4L) i ...

This project will develop a novel type of thermal neutron counting detector, which will be optimized for the imaging of thermal neutrons with high detection efficiency (greater than 50 percent), spatial resolution (approximately 55 microns), and time resolution (approximately 1 millisecond) for each detected neutron. The counting rate of detector can be as high as 100 MHz with an active area scal ...

Advanced, high brightness photoinjectors are required for the next generation of linear accelerators and free electron lasers. Current photoinjector lasers suffer from complexities related to the use of multiple amplifier stages to achieve the desired pulse energy. There are also issues related to power scaling. This project will investigate the use of a liquid nitrogen cooled, Yb:YAG, mode-loc ...

A solution is needed for the inexpensive generation of electricity from solar irradiation, which will be cost competitive with fossil fuel technologies without the need for government subsidies. This project will fabricate and characterize inorganic nanoparticle-based solar cells that: (1) can be manufactured with low cost processing techniques; and (2) will offer greater absorption across the s ...

Advanced SiC-based high-power switches are need for power conversion applications. This project will develop a 10 kV-18 kV class, high voltage, SiC Emitter Turn-off thyristor that maximizes the capability of SiC materials while minimizing the effect of immature material properties, such as poor oxide reliability and low surface mobility. The SiC ETO will result in the best performance in terms o ...

Bi2212, which has the highest Jc of any practical superconductor at fields greater than 15 T, is currently being considered for high-field particle accelerator magnets. In particular, it is attractive for high field magnets that are needed to improve the performance of machines such as the Large Hadron Collider and Muon Collider. However, the processing requirements for Bi2212 are extremely stri ...

This project will develop inexpensive and environmentally benign LiMnPO4 cathodes for applications to lithium-ion batteries (LIB) used in electric and hybrid electric vehicles. This cathode material is expected to be far safer than Li-ion batteries employing traditional layered LiMO2 (M=Co, Ni) materials. A number of synthetic modifications will be pursued to optimize the LiMnPO4 material for us ...

Lithium-ion batteries are promising energy storage devices for hybrid and electric vehicles, providing high specific energy (approximately 150 Wh/kg), energy density (approximately 400 Wh/L), and long cycle life (greater than 15 years). However, these applications require further increases in energy density and improved low-temperature (less than ¿10 degrees C) performance. Silicon-based anod ...

Distributed, collaborative visualization and control of real-time fusion experiments and simulations is of growing importance, because the next major facilities will be internationally located and operated. Currently, collaborative visualization tools for tiled displays in control rooms have substantial overhead and are not satisfactory for tracking dynamic displays. This project will build on m ...