Award Data

65654 In hydroformylation, an alkene reacts with synthesis gas to form an aldehyde (current worldwide production of aldehydes exceeds 7 million tons/year). Homogeneous rhodium catalysts are used in the production of lower aldehydes because they are the most active and selective catalysts for this reaction. Distillation is used to separate the catalyst from the lower aldehydes. However, for ...

65455 Gasification technologies convert coal into synthesis gas feed streams that can be used in the production of a wide variety of chemicals. However, the coal-derived synthesis gas contains a myriad of trace contaminants that may poison the catalysts used in the downstream manufacturing processes. Removal of these contaminants is critical for the successful utilization of coal as a feedsto ...

Recently, NASA has increased its emphasis on reducing the cost of reaching low Earth orbit. The goal is to reduce the cost from the current $10,000 per pound of payload to $100 per pound. Studies indicate that a key technology requirement is a single stage to orbit (SSTO) using rocket based combined cycle (RBCC) engine. In the third stage of a RBCC launch, an air breathing vehicle will travel at s ...

Recently, NASA has increased its emphasis on reducing the cost of reaching low Earth orbit. The goal is to reduce the cost from the current $10,000 per pound of payload to $100 per pound. Studies indicate that a key technology requirement is a single stage to orbit (SSTO) using rocket based combined cycle (RBCC) engine. In the third stage of a RBCC launch, an air breathing vehicle will travel at s ...

65141 In the production of chlorinated hydrocarbons and titanium dioxide pigments, elemental chlorine (Cl2) is used as a reactant and hydrochloric acid (HCl) is produced as an unavoidable byproduct. Stringent environmental regulations limit the shipment of hazardous wastes like HCl, and the disposal of HCl by neutralization is costly. Although processes exist for converting waste HCl back ...

The area/volume power densities of packaged electronics will continue to increase until the method of heat rejection is the sole performance limiter. Perhaps the most reliable long-life cooling systems finding applications in space are passive; namely, heat pipes. Unfortunately, the balance between capillary pressure and viscous resistance limits the performance of these devices. Overall fluxes of ...

65141 In the production of chlorinated hydrocarbons and titanium dioxide pigments, elemental chlorine (Cl2) is used as a reactant and hydrochloric acid (HCl) is produced as an unavoidable byproduct. Stringent environmental regulations limit the shipment of hazardous wastes like HCl, and the disposal of HCl by neutralization is costly. Although processes exist for converting waste HCl back ...

65654 In hydroformylation, an alkene reacts with synthesis gas to form an aldehyde (current worldwide production of aldehydes exceeds 7 million tons/year). Homogeneous rhodium catalysts are used in the production of lower aldehydes because they are the most active and selective catalysts for this reaction. Distillation is used to separate the catalyst from the lower aldehydes. However, for ...

DESCRIPTION: Clinical studies have shown that electrical stimulation can accelerate the healing of bone fractures, superficial wounds, and nerve damage. The development of conducting biomaterials that can be used to deliver electric stimuli to cultured cells is, therefore, of great interest. Polypyrrole is a an electronic conducting polymer that has been demonstrated to ...

A newly discovered class of nanoscale materials, the metal-carbon nanoencapsulates, has considerable potential to improve on current molecular-based MRI contrast enhancing agents. Metal-carbon nanoencapsulates are 2 nm diameter and larger particles in which graphitic carbon layers encase single crystals of metals or metal carbides. Their continuous graphitic carbon shells are several layers thick ...