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REMOVAL OF DENTAL CALCULUS REMAINS A MAJOR CONSUMER EXPENSE OF ORAL HEALTH CARE. PRODUCTS DESIGNED TO INHIBIT SUPRA- GINGIVAL CALCULUS FORMATION MAY HAVE ADVERSE EFFECTS ON HOSTMINERAL METABOLISM, AS BIOLOGIC CALCIFICATION OCCURS BY SIMILAR PROCESSES IN ANIMALS AND BACTERIA. DIPHOSPHONATES AND POLYPHOSPHATES ARE PARTLY SUCCESSFUL, AS THEY BLOCK GROWTH OF CRYSTALS; HOWEVER, THEY MAY NOT INHIBIT THE ...

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SCHISTOSOMIASIS, CAUSED BY PARASITIC FLATWORMS LIVING IN THE MESENTERIC/VESICAL VEINS, IS THE SECOND MOST IMPORTANT INFECTIOUS DISEASE OF MAN. PRODUCING CHRONIC ILLNESS, IT SPREADS WITH INCREASING DEMANDS FOR WATER AND INTENSIFIED IRRIGATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. IT IS A MAJOR CONTRIBU-TOR TO THE HIGH LEVEL OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN ENDEMIC AREAS, MOLLUSCICIDING, SANITARY ENGINEERING AND CH ...

THE HARD-COPY FETAL MONITOR RECORD (FMR) PRODUCED AND ANNOTATED DURING LABOR CONTAINS THE HISTORY OF THE LABOR AND IS PART OF THE PATIENTS RECORD. THE BULK AND FORM OF THE FMR IS UNACCEPTABLE FOR THE CHART, THE MEDICAL RECORDS SYSTEM, OR LONG-TERM RETENTION: ALL ARE CRITICAL TO PATIENT MANAGEMENT AS WELL AS DOCUMENTATION OF CARE PROVIDED. MICROFILMING IS EXPENSIVE, TIME CONSUMING, AND MUST BE CARE ...

CURRENT EXTERNAL FETAL HEART RATE MONITORS PROVIDE VALUABLE INFORMATION. HOWEVER, THEY REQUIRE SKILLED ATTENTION, FREQUENT ADJUSTMENTS, ANDPATIENT RESTRAINT IN ORDER TO OBTAIN CONSISTENT RELIABLE INFORMATION. THIS IS BECAUSE THEDOPPLER SIGNAL CAN ONLY BE CAPTURED FROM A SMALL VOLUME IN THE UTERUS, AND THE FETAL HEART MOVES OUT OF THIS REGION WITH FETAL OR MATERNAL MOTION. OUR AIM IS TO DEVELOP A D ...

THE RAPID INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF CHLAMYDIAL INFECTIONS AND THE SEVERE COMPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THIS DISEASE IN HUMANS HAS MADE IT IMPERATIVE TO DETECT THESE AGENTS IN BODY FLUIDS. THE UNIQUE LIFE CYCLE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CHLAMYDIAL AGENTS IN GENERAL PRESENT A SIGNIFICANT HEALTH THREAT. IN PHASE I OF THIS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL, A QUALITATIVE METHOD OF DETECTING LOW NUMBE ...

A PROJECT IS PROPOSED TO DEVELOP TECHNIQUES FOR STABILIZATION OF PROTEINS BY COVALENT CROSSLINKING. WE PLAN TO USE MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY SPECIFIC FOR T-2 TOXIN AS THE PRIMARY PROTEIN TO USE FOR DEVELOPING STABILIZATION TECHNOLOGY. USING LIGAND STABILIZATION TO DECREASE INACTIVATION DURING THE CROSSLINKING, WE PROPOSE TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTRAMOLECULAR CROSSLINKING BETWEEN BOTH HYDROPHIL ...

MUCH ATTENTION HAS BEEN FOCUSED UPON THE POSSIBLE USE OF TOXIC BIOLOGICAL AGENTS IN BOTH SOUTHEAST ASIA AND AFGANISTAN. SUCH INCIDENTS INDICATE A NEED FOR IMPROVING THE UNITED STATES CAPABILITY TO ACCURATELY DETECT THESE TOXINS AT LEVELS WELL BELOW THOSE LETHAL TO HUMANS.ONE OF THE MOST COMMON GROUPS OF NATURALLY OCCURING TOXINS IS THE TRICHOTHECENE (E.G., T-2 TOXIN) WHICH ARE HIGHLY TOXIC SECONDA ...

A PROJECT IS PROPOSED TO DEVELOP AN ULTRASENSITIVE ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY FOR SPECIFIC VIRUSES THAT IS EXPECTED TO BE MORE SENSITIVE THAN ANY CURRENTLY EXISTING TECHNOLOGY FOR THAT PURPOSE. THIS PROPOSED ASSAY INVOLVES VIRUS-TRIGGERED RELEASE OF MICROENCAPSULATED ENZYME. THE ASSAY IS NONCOMPETITIVE (I.E., IT DOES NOT INVOLVE COMPETITION BETWEEN VIRUS TO BE DETECTED AND LABELED VIRAL ANTIGEN), INVOLVES ...

THE CONVENIENCE AND OPTICAL ADVANTAGES OF CONTACT LENSES ARE PRODUCING A GROWING MARKET FOR BOTH THE EXTENDED-WEAR AND DAILY-WEAR PRODUCTS. A NEED REMAINS FOR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF BOTH CONTACT (ESPECIALLY LONG-WEAR) AND INTRAOCULAR LENSES. IN MANY USERS, THE LONG-WEAR CONTACT LENSES LOSE OPTICAL CLARITY AND COMFORT THROUGH EXCESSIVELY RAPID ADSORPTION OF PROTEINS, CALCIUM, AND O ...