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Project Summary/Abstract The proposed effort addresses an unmet need for early diagnosis of peripheral artery disease (PAD). PAD is a disorder of vascular circulation that affects more than 8 million Americans, most of whom are unaware of its existence, risks, and threats. PAD is caused primarily by plaque-induced atherosclerosis and in some instances by blood vessel inflammation, stenosis, and in ...

HIGH LEVELS OF ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION ARE KNOWN TO BE RESPONSIBLE FOR BIOLOGICALLY HARMFUL EFFECTS IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS. CONCERN ABOUT INTENSITY OF THE ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION AT THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH HAS GREATLY INCREASED SINCE THE DISCOVERY OF THE "OZONE HOLE" OVER ANTARCTICA IN 1985. THE TASK OF LONG TERM MONITORING OF UV LEVELS IS CURRENTLY MADE DIFFICULT BY INSTRUMENTATION NOT ADEQUATE TO TH ...

SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENTS IN PERFORMANCE AND REDUCTIONS IN MANUFACTURING COSTS FOR THE TOTAL SOLAR PYRANOMETER ARE EXPECTED FROM THIS PROJECT. THE RESEARCH IS NEEDED TO PROVIDE THE ENERGY SYSTEMS ENGINEER WITH MORE PRECISE INFORMATION ON INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION SO THAT NEW SOLAR-DRIVEN ENERGY SCHEMES CAN BE COMPARATIVELY EVALUATED. PHASE I REEXAMINES THE ORIGINAL CALLENDAR PYRANOMETER AND INTRODUC ...

HIGH LEVELS OF ULTRAVIOLET (UV) RADIATION ARE KNOWN TO BE RESPONSIBLE FOR BIOLOGICALLY HARMFUL EFFECTS IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS. CONCERN ABOUT INTENSITY OF THE UV RADIATION AT THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH HAS GREATLY INCREASED SINCE THE DISCOVERY OF THE "OZONE HOLE" OVER ANTARCTICA IN 1985. THE TASK OF GEOGRAPHICALLY WIDESPREAD, LONG TERM MONITORING OF UV LEVELS IS CURRENTLY MADE DIFFICULT BY LACK OF SUI ...

RECENT CONCERN OVER THE DEPLETION OF THE OZONE LAYER HAS HIGHLIGHTED THE NEED FOR IMPROVED INSTRUMENTATION FOR MEASURING SOLAR, ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT. RESEARCHERS ARE STUDYING THE DEVELOPMENT OF LOW-COST DETECTORS WITH SPECTRAL SENSITIVITIES IN THE UV REGIONS OF CURRENT SCIENTIFIC INTEREST. THE DETECTORS ARE BASED ON FLUORESCENT PHOSPHOR TECHNOLOGY. THE APPROPRIATE INORGANIC FLUORESCING PHOSPHORS ARE ...

THERE IS A STRONG REQUIREMENT TO OBTAIN IMPROVED UPPER AIR WATER VAPOR DATA. THIS REQUIREMENT ARISES FROM SEVERAL SOURCES AS ENUMERATED IN THE SOLICITATION. THE RADIOSONDE IS THE ONLY PRACTICAL VEHICLE TO OBTAIN THE QUANTITY OF DATA AND VERTICAL RESOLUTION NEEDED. THE RADIOSONDE USES THE CARBON HUMIDITY ELEMENT BECAUSE OF SEVERAL SALIENT FEATURES; IT IS INEXPENSIVE TO MANUFACTURE, VERY REPEATABLE, ...

THE MEASUREMENT OF BROADBAND LONGWAVE ATMOSPHERIC (IR) RADIATION IS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE STUDY OF THE GLOBAL CLIMATE AND GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE MECHANISMS. THERE IS A SIGNIFICANT NEED FOR REDUCING THE MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTIES OF GROUND AND AIRBORNE-BASED INSTRUMENTATION FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF LONGWAVE RADIATION. CURRENTLY AVAILABLE INSTRUMENTS OFFER UNSATISFACTORY LEVELS OF ACCURACY AND INSTRUME ...

There is a continuing need for reliable cloud observations to drive climatic UV-B prediction models. Traditionally, observations such as cloud cover are made by human observers, and thus often suffer from uncertainties due to the subjectivity of the observer. Cloud cover data is especially important in UV-B hazard prediction, as well as storm prediction. It is generally accepted that UV-B doses ...