Award Data

Although thermal and cold neutron scattering is widely used and is critical for success in many areas of materials science and engineering, relatively low neutron fluxes severely limit applications of not only laboratory neutrons generators, but also large national neutron facilities. State-of-the-art thermal and cold neutron sources are large expensive national facilities, which serve diverse com ...

High performance scintillator materials are needed for particle identification and measurements of energy and momentum of electromagnetic particles in modern nuclear physics experiments. Achieving high-quality science at nuclear physics facilities requires the measurement of particle energy with excellent calorimeter energy resolution in the momentum range 0.1 – (10-20) GeV/c. Crystals such as l ...

Many energy conversion and transfer processes critically depend on the material nanostructure details and its response to external excitation fields. Surface and volume defect formation and migration in conjunc- tion with carrier transport processes have a profound impact on the opto-electro-thermo-mechanical prop- erties of materials. Understanding these phenomena requires a unique combination of ...

Quantum computers being fabricated today, often referred to as noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, have seen an increase in the number of qubits employed and an associated improvement in capabilities. Since the qubits are rapidly randomized by noise from the environment and thus lose coherence, NISQ devices are inherently susceptible to generating errors during computation. These devi ...

Systima Technologies, Inc. (Systima) will develop innovative solutions for restraining and deploying payloads and objects through adverse flight environments while minimizing size, weight, power, and induced loads. Systima has the unique experience and capabilities to develop Multi-object Payload Deployment concepts that will leverage our experience deploying munitions and Kill Vehicles (KV’s), ...

Additive manufacturing (AM), esp. laser AM, becomes a powerful tool to replace conventional methods due to its cost effectiveness and capability of making complex structure and composition. However, direct fabrication of optics parts is still a challenging field, mainly due to limited understanding of process control, powder fabrication, and laser melting mechanism to eliminate defects and bubbles ...

It’s highly desired to develop safe, sustainable and low-cost battery technology beyond current lithium-ion batteries. However, there is still lack of suitable separators for future new battery chemistries. Some novel liquid electrolytes (such as ionic liquid and aqueous electrolytes) with enhanced safety and low cost features are also delayed to be applied in commercial batteries, due to no com ...

The characteristics of fine roots, as observed by minirhizotron imaging, are vital for the fields of both ecology and agronomy and factor into a number of DOE research efforts studying effects of emissions and radiation on plant systems. This imaging provides a wealth of information about the presence, extent, morphology and progression of root systems and other phenomena. The current bottleneck f ...

Silicon-based sensors are central to particle physics experiments and particle tracking detectors. Nuclear Physics (NP) end users have a growing need for particle tracking devices with 1) improved tracking and timing resolution, 2) faster speed to limit event pileup, 3) lower mass detector to minimize electron scattering, leakage, and trapping distance, 4) better substrate depletion to reduce coll ...

Wind power plays an increasingly important role in satisfying the power needs of the United States. With increased market penetration, failures from unanticipated unsteady loads, installation related reductions in power generation and significant maintenance costs have underscored the need to predict the unsteady fluid structure interactions related to turbine layout and off-design wind conditions ...