Award Data

Terrorist use of radioactive nuclear materials via nuclear and/or radiological dispersion devices (dirty bombs) is a serious threat. Therefore, it is critical to detect the proliferation of nuclear material. Critical challenges facing this objective include: (a) high sensitivity detection of signature emissions (e.g., gamma rays) from common radioactive isotopes behind shielding, and (b) cost-effe ...

Terrorist use of radioactive nuclear materials via nuclear and/or radiological dispersion devices (dirty bombs) is a serious threat. Therefore, it is crucial to detect proliferation of nuclear material. Critical challenges include: (a) high sensitivity detection of signature emissions from radioactive isotopes, and (b) cost-effectiveness for deployment of sensor networks across large storage facil ...

Project Summary Abstract X ray computed tomography CT has been increasingly used in medical diagnosis currently reaching more than million CT scans every year in the US The increasing use of CT has sparked concern over the effects of radiation dose on patients It is estimated that every CT scans will cause one future cancer i e cases of future cancers from million CT scan ...

PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT Every year, 50,000 very low birth weight (VLBW, andlt;1,500 g) infants are born in the U.S. The use of surfactant dramatically decreases morbidity and mortality due to respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in VLBW infants. Current standards for surfactant administration require the infant to be intubated, so that surfactant can be delivered to the trachea and lungs. Intuba ...

PROJECT SUMMARYZika virus, an emerging flavivirus, is associated with severe clinical outcomes, including Guillain-Barré syndrome and birth defects. Transmission of Zika virus is primarily mosquito- borne. Mosquito salivary proteins are known to enhance infectivity and pathogenesis in Zika, dengue and West Nile viruses by modulating immune responses. This proposal seeks to develop a novel vaccine ...

DESCRIPTION provided by applicant Safe and reliable access to major blood vessels and internal organs will be beneficial to patients with cardiovascular disease and cancer An interventional catheter with forward viewing ultrasound imaging capability will be developed to enable image guided access to blood vessels and internal organs Phase experiments demonstrate feasibility of building a hi ...

PROJECT SUMMARYABSTRACT To datethe standard method to access a mouse tail vein is manual injectionbut its yield rate is poor in generalThis leads to multiple needle insertions associated with tissue damage and painBesidesfailure in tail vein injection leads to data lossand thereby more animals will be required to compensate itFinallythe dose variation induced by unreliable injection increases erro ...

DESCRIPTION provided by applicant There are approximately million cases of dengue fever each year with billion people at risk mostly in low income countries There are four serotypes of dengue fever virus DENV and in its uncomplicated form the disease is worthy of its indigenous name andquot break bone feverandquot An individual may suffer sequential infections with multiple DE ...

DESCRIPTION provided by applicant Problem Lower gastrointestinal bleeding is a significant medical problem in the United States accounting for more than hospital admissions and tens of billions of dollars of healthcare spending annually It is common for bleeding from a single site to stop and restart multiple times The three modalities now used to diagnose and locate gastrointestina ...

Project Summary Abstract Effective communication intervention depends on reliable tools for identifying communication concerns and tracking changes in skills Established tools for detecting and tracking skills in early intentional communicators i e directing a behavior such as reaching toward an adult to convey a message involve communication temptations and assessing a wide variety of child ...