Award Data

Although thermal and cold neutron scattering is widely used and is critical for success in many areas of materials science and engineering, relatively low neutron fluxes severely limit applications of not only laboratory neutrons generators, but also large national neutron facilities State-of-the-art thermal and cold neutron sources are large expensive national facilities, which serve diverse comm ...

Many energy conversion and transfer processes critically depend on the material nanostructure details and its response to external excitation fields Surface and volume defect formation and migration have a profound impact on the opto-electro-thermo-mechanical properties of materials Understanding these processes requires a unique combination of advanced atomic-scale imaging with controlled nanosca ...

In response to the Water Power Technologies Office “Co-Development of Marine Energy Technologies at Smaller Scales.” We propose a co-development of an “Oscillating Water Column” and the “Offshore Power Station”. This proposal is to design a small scale Oscillating Water Column to provide the “offshore energy” as described as one of the activities needed in the “blue economy”. W ...

Nutrient pollution of lakes, estuaries, coastal areas and other water bodies frequently results in algae blooms, sometimes toxic, and often leading to anoxia, fish kills and dead zones. Efforts to reign-in nutrient pollution, in particular of phosphorus, P, have been lagging and noxious algae blooms make headlines almost daily all over the US and world. This is a problem attracting increasing atte ...

Deep Neural Networks have become ubiquitous in the modern analysis of voluminous datasets with geometric symmetries. In the field of Particle Physics, experiments such as DUNE require the detection of particle signatures interacting within the detector, with analyses of over a billion 3D event images per channel each year; with typical setups containing over 150,000 different channels.  In an ...

Quantum information sciences started as a concept many years ago, transitioned to a subject of theoretical analysis, followed by experimental efforts mainly focused on controlling individual qubits Rather dramatically, the last couple of years have witnessed a significant milestone with the creation of nascent functioning quantum computers operating with tens of qubits Present quantum computers, r ...

Electrical power is scarce at most offshore locations, so oceanographers design buoy systems to consume very little power in order to reduce the frequency of ship voyages to replace batteries. These expensive voyages can cost several tens of thousands of dollars per day. Solar and wind power can recharge batteries, but harvested power is limited and each source has shortcomings. Wave energy operat ...

Large size diffraction-grade diamond is needed for high scientific impact applications at synchrotron and Free-Electron Laser (FEL) X-ray sources, stemming from diamond’s unique physical properties in low atomic number and extremely high thermal diffusivity Sufficiently large diffraction-grade diamond crystals, similar in crystalline quality to that of silicon, are required for the fabrication o ...

The spatiotemporal quantification of coupled hydro-biogeochemical processes between soil, plant, and atmosphere requires advances in remote sensing technologies and in understanding the link between the measured signals (ie spectral traits) and the hydro-biochemical properties While current UAV-based remote sensing technologies provide spectral reflectance in the visible- short wave infrared (VSWI ...

Silicon wafers are the single largest cost component within solar photovoltaic modules. To maintain the cost reduction targets outlined in industrial roadmaps, wafer costs need to be significantly reduced. Reducing the cost of wafers requires reducing the kerf-loss and wafer thickness while increasing throughput in tools for processing silicon ingots into wafers. The proposed technology augments t ...