Award Data

Diesel engines are widely used due to their high fuel efficiency. However, conventional diesel engines have high NOx and soot emissions. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) for NOx reduction is less accepted by the construction industry due to complexity and cost. In-cylinder NOx reduction is more desirable. When low temperature combustion and/or premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combus ...

This proposed project directly addresses an U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) calling for “improved detection and measurement techniques including screening kits for algal neurotoxins (especially cyanobacterial anatoxin) and cytotoxins in drinking water systems.” Bloom-forming cyanobacteria have been observed in water bodies, including drinking water reservoirs all over the world. Se ...

America needs a clean, affordable, reliable and sustainable product or system to obtain heat for residences in cold climates using renewable, carbon-neutral, plentiful, low-cost biomass fuels of diverse types found close to the location of usage. The available biomass could heat hundreds of thousands of homes, and costly natural gas could be directed to higher-value usage. Gasifiers” are device ...

Lead in household paint and dust is a serious health hazard, as low level lead exposure can result in a number of adverse health effects, especially in children. Onsite and real time detection and quantification of lead in paint/dust are very important to homeowners and certified lead based paint removal professionals. Toward this end, both field-portable equipment (such as X ray fluorescence ins ...

Reduction in dependency of imported petroleum and the quest to identify renewable energy sources has lead to a search for innovative biofuels derived from renewable biomass, that promise long-term reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Butanol is one possible biofuel. It is an industrial fuel that can be produced from crops using acetone-butanol (AB) fermentation by butanolagenic microbes, such ...

Off road diesel powered equipment (i.e., tractors, dozers, excavators, backhoes, surface equipment, etc.) are designed with lifetimes of more the 25 to 30 years. As such, most of the diesel equipment in use today were manufactured before there were any emission standards at all, much less are up to stringent requirements of modern vehicle emissions. In order to combat this massive source of poll ...

All levels of government and law enforcement are making plans to contain the effects of a terrorist attach using CBW agents. An important containment strategy is to enable emergency response personnel (police, fire fighters, etc.) to neutralize the threat using decontamination methods. The two primary decontamination solutions used by the military are supertropical bleach and DS2, neither of whi ...

Operational Technologies Corporation (OpTech) proposes to couple the ultrasensitivity of fluorescence-based detection with the high affinity and selectivity of DNA aptamers as improved replacements for antibodies to detect fecal indicator organisms in fresh and marine recreational waters. Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) aptamer assays for fecal indicator organisms will be demonstrat ...

Operational Technologies Corporation (OpTech) proposes to couple the ultrasensitivity of fluorescence-based detection with the high affinity and selectivity of DNA aptamers as improved replacements for antibodies to detect fecal indicator organisms in fresh and marine recreational waters. Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) aptamer assays for fecal indicator organisms will be demon ...

Reduction in dependency on imported petroleum and the quest to identify renewable energy sources has led to a search for innovative biofuels derived from renewable biomass, which promise long-term reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Butanol is one possible biofuel. It is an industrial fuel that can be produced from crops using acetone-butanol (AB) fermentation by butanolagenic microbes, such a ...