Award Data

Present day photoinjector cathodes have a poor lifetime or inadequate quantum efficiency for advanced applications. In addition, the efficiency is constrained by the frequency up- conversion in the drive laser from infrared to ultraviolet photons. Novel nanofabrication techniques allow for the sub-wavelength patterning of grooves and hole-array surfaces on the cathode. Exploiting the surface plas ...

Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) has been an extremely productive materials science probe for several decades and is used extensively by researchers studying a wide range of subjects, including polymers, ceramics, metals and biological macromolecules and functions. However, it is limited to length scales from 1 to 100 nm and requires highly collimated and relatively monochromatic neutron beam ...

This project will develop position-sensitive liquid argon detectors for a range of nuclear physics experiments. A particular need is for large area detectors with good energy, spatial and time resolution. Originally developed for calorimetry and the detection of neutrinos, weakly interacting massive particles and neutrinoless double beta decay, liquefied noble gas (LNG) detectors have ...

Development of a solid with high conductivity of Mg2+ cations will allow application of that substance as membrane in magnesium-air batteries. These batteries will be much cheaper, safer, and at the same time store much more energy than lead-, lithium- or sodium batteries with the same weight. Such batteries would be ideal for electric vehicles and for the off-peak storage of renewable elect ...

The single most critical value in any terrestrial carbon (C) sequestration budget is the net primary production. The biggest unknown in determining C sequestration is the allocation, production, respiration, mortality and decomposition of soil organisms. We developed and are refining a new observation/sensor platform, the enhanced automated minirhizotron (EAMR) which, when coupled to a soil sensor ...

Due to huge levels of computing parallelism and higher performance per watt, comuting accelerators are crucial for increasing HPC efficiency. This is economically significant for small and medium size manufacturing companies (SMMs) and essential for transition to Exascale computing. However, due to high procurement costs, in-house maintenance of an accelerated HPC cluster is prohibitive for many ...

Electrons play a very key role in plasma chemistry and dynamics of low temperature plasmas. Improved capability for measuring electron number density, ne, and electron energy distribution function, EEDF, in weakly ionized low temperature plasmas would benefit both fundamental study and application areas. For example, the capability would directly benefit emerging research targeted at modifying and ...

X-Ray microscopy offers rich internal information of objects under study due to the highly penetrative nature of x-rays. Significant improvements in laboratory x-ray sources, synchrotrons and detector technologies in the past few years have pushed the frontiers of spatial and time resolution enabling time-lapse imaging of structures in the micron scale. Xradia, a US based small business founded in ...

Photocathodes are one of the most critical components in RF-based linacs and light source systems. Current photocathodes lack the capability to meet the long term requirements for medical, defense, industrial and many scientific systems. This program will develop a new generation of photocathodes that provide high performance and long life. Calabazas Creek Research Inc. (CCR), in collaboration wi ...

Successful adoption of open frameworks such as perfSONAR in Science DMZs within DOE labs, universities, and small-businesses, and the emerging trends of software-defined cloud platforms that inherently require multi-domain performance transparency are major drivers for a new market. However, perfSONAR framework and other proprietary solutions developed by industry cannot be effectively integrated ...