Award Data

Aerosol particles have important impacts on visibility, acid deposition, climate, and human health, although large uncertainties remain in quantifying their chemical composition and atmospheric transformations. A large fraction of the anthropogenic aerosol is generated from energy-related activities, and organic compounds are known to constitute a significant fraction of ambient aerosol mass. Re ...

Recent significant improvements in synchrotron radiation sources have enabled the growth of powerful techniques such as time-resolved X-ray diffraction studies for use in understanding dynamic phenomena in materials, including those in biological systems. To make the most effective use of synchrotron sources for protein and other such studies, however, new, efficient, high-throughput detectors ar ...

Advanced photon sources, capable of providing extremely high X-ray intensities, have proven to be outstanding resources for X-ray scattering and time-resolved diffraction studies of materials such as organic semiconductors used in electronics, photodiode, and photovoltaic applications, and biological materials such as non-crystalline biological systems. The problem, however, is in finding a detec ...

The ideal biological imaging system would provide non-invasive, high-resolution, high-sensitivity, three-dimensional (3D) images of living systems. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) offers high sensitivity to a range of biological processes through the use of targeted radiolabeled probes. Unfortunately, precise signal localization can be extremely difficult due to low spatial resolution and the ...

The rapid advancements in nanosciences are pushing the limits of surface probe microscopy (SPM) technology. Of particular interest is the ability to extend the SPM bandwidth of detection. This would provide more specific molecular recognition and allow studies of interaction chemistry that, to date, have been inaccessible. It would also allow higher scan rates without compromising imaging resolu ...

Third generation x-ray synchrotron facilities such as Argonne National Laboratory

Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography has become a powerful new tool in imaging biological processes in small laboratory animals. Performance of this modality is limited by the properties of the detectors available at present. The goal of the proposed project is to investigate a new solid state detector which appears to be very promising due to its high efficiency, high signal to noise rati ...

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a powerful, noninvasive medical imaging modality that mathematically reconstructs the three dimensional distribution of a radionuclide throughout the body of a human patient or research animal. At present, the performance of the available SPECT systems is limited by the available detector technology. The goal of the proposed effort is to inve ...

The oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy conversion system has the highest potential of providing efficient renewable energy in the form of electric power but its efficiency to recover a wider range of wave energy frequency and amplitudes must be improved to make the system economics viable. The efficiency can be improved if the OWC wave energy systems can be

Oscillating Wave Surge Converters (OWSC) have shown great promise as a cost-effective means of harnessing the power of ocean waves yet little is known about the effects of different paddle geometries on critical performance factors including power production, survivability, and ecological impact. As a consequence, widespread commercialization of OWSC technologies will be delayed until such informa ...