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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Though decades of computational and experimental studies have advanced our understanding of coherent synchrotron radiation, next generation accelerators will produce beams that no longer conform to our existing models. Moreover, high fidelity simulations of coherent synchrotron radiation and space-charge that utilize numerical solutions to the exact point particle potentia ...

Renewable energy has the potential to supply energy worldwide, but because of its variable power output it needs to be coupled with energy storage. Electrochemical electrolysis can split water into hydrogen and oxygen, which can be stored and re-converted into electricity later. However, this process requires ultrapure water, which is unavailable in many areas in the world, especially in island an ...

Lithium is a strategic mineral commodity that is fundamental to achieving U.S. energy independence. Today, the U.S. is reliant on other countries for a vast majority of its battery critical minerals processing, which poses risk of disruption to domestic supply chain. Our fundamental objective is to take a leading role in the development of a robust domestic minerals extraction and processing suppl ...

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Fundamental improvements to the energy, brightness, and stability of next generation plasma-based accelerators are essential to maintain rapid innovation and scientific productivity. Controllable plasma channels can significantly improve electron and positron beam energy and quality from plasma-based accelerators, while plasma lens and de-chirper systems can enhance beam c ...

Statement of the problem or situation that is being addressed. The deep decarbonization of the industrial sector (e.g., cement plants, iron and steel manufacturing, hydrogen production, ethanol plants, and chemicals and petrochemicals plants) is critical to controlling greenhouse gas emissions. The conventional capture approach is to first separate/capture carbon dioxide (CO2) from process emissio ...

Beam diagnostics is a fundamental concern at particle accelerator facilities. Many diagnostic measurements use well known, but perturbative, methods, and can affect the beam dynamics in ways that are poorly understood. Accelerator facilities require robust, accurate, and efficient methods to predict potentially problematic beam conditions, enabling them to institute corrections, or take preventive ...

Renewable energy has the potential to supply energy worldwide, but its variable power output requires it to be coupled with energy storage. Electrochemical electrolysis can split water into hydrogen and oxygen, which can be stored and re-converted into electricity later. However, this hydrogen production process is currently more expensive than the traditional method of making hydrogen from fossil ...

Energy management systems currently being used to operate energy storage systems in commercial applications mostly focus on providing resilience and backup power but are generally unable to produce the predicted utility bill savings and grid services revenue as modeled by energy optimization software tools developed by national labs. This gap between actual and optimal economic performance is due ...

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Structure-based wakefield accelerators promise orders of magnitude improvements in accelerator gradient over conventional radiofrequency-based technologies, and have been identified as a candidate technology for future applications ranging from compact free electron lasers to high energy colliders. However, achieving the desired peak energies and beam quality requires mete ...

C56-03a-273587For national security and non-proliferation missions, there is a need for the development of radiation detectors that simultaneously exhibit good energy resolution, high efficiency, high sensitivity, and good uniformity over an area > 15 cm2 without a need for deep cooling. The development of new materials is seen as a leading option for fulfilling this need. In work by other groups, ...