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Project Summary Abstract There is currently a significant need for new non invasive imaging techniques able to accurately quantify biomarkers for early detection diagnosis and quantification of complications in type diabetes T D such as diabetic retinopathy DR Physical Sciences Inc PSI proposes to develop an imaging platform based on a new detection arrangement retrofitted to an exist ...

Abstract Summary Opioid Use Disorder OUD is a serious public health concern that affected million Americans and was responsible for a record number of overdose deaths in Remarkably of individuals with OUD do not receive treatment even though OUD can be successfully treated when cognitive behavioral therapy is combined with buprenorphine pharmacotherapy A major barrier t ...

Statement of the Problem: Ambient aerosol particles play a significant role in adversely affecting human health, in altering the chemistry and the radiative balance of the Earth’s atmosphere, and in reducing visibility. However, there are significant uncertainties in the sources and chemical transformations of particulate matter and how they relate to climate forcing. Organic aerosol is a key co ...

As computational density for high-performance computing and big-data services continues to scale, performance scalability of next generation computing systems is becoming increasingly constrained by limitations in memory access, power dissipation and chip packaging. The processor-memory communication bottleneck, a major challenge in current multicore processors due to limited pin-out and power bud ...

In order to support further advances in Nuclear Physics, experiments using Cherenkov radiation and fast scintillators in calorimetry & dual calorimetry, would require new optical detectors with enhanced spectral response to blue and UV wavelengths, low timing jitter, high energy resolution, dynamic range and operation in high radiation and magnetic fields. SiPM silicon-based solid-state photo-mult ...

Ethylene demand is expected to increase by 50% domestically and worldwide over the next 5 years. Much of this and future growth is likely to be met from shale gas based ethane. Dr. Anne Gaffney of the US-DOE has invented a mixed metal oxide catalyst, M1, for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (C2- ODH) to ethylene at high conversions and very high selectivities. A major hurdle for commercial ...

Synchrotron-based science has had a great scientific impact and will continue to have great impact going forward. In spite of the large investment in the 3rd generation light sources, most beam lines do not preserve the source’s phase profile or brightness all the way to the sample. For these high brightness light sources, errors are almost completely due to distortion ...

The primary objective of the proposed project is to develop and validate turbulence and combustion models for high-fidelity simulation of combustion under supercritical conditions relevant to direct-fired supercritical CO2 power cycles. Supercritical CO2 cycles have gained much interest recently because of their potential for increased efficiency over the traditional power cycles. Direct-fired cyc ...

The proposed program provides a new biomass conversion technology to produce FDCA, 2,5- furandicarboxylic acid, to replace hydrocarbon chemicals for production of plasticizers and polyester polymers. FDCA is currently produced from hexose carbohydrates, such as sucrose or high fructose corn syrup. Recent trends in global petroleum pricing have greatly reduced biomass raw material cost ...

Liquid fuel production from biomass in anaerobic membrane bioreactors has the potential to sup- ply the United States and the world with a large fraction of its liquid fuels from renewable biomass. The high cost and negative energy balance of such systems, however, makes the wide-spread adoption of this technology unfeasible to address energy needs. Biofouling of the membranes is at the root of th ...