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Present day photoinjector cathodes have a poor lifetime or inadequate quantum efficiency for advanced applications. In addition, the efficiency is constrained by the frequency up- conversion in the drive laser from infrared to ultraviolet photons. Novel nanofabrication techniques allow for the sub-wavelength patterning of grooves and hole-array surfaces on the cathode. Exploiting the surface plas ...

Photocathodes are one of the most critical components in RF-based linacs and light source systems. Current photocathodes lack the capability to meet the long term requirements for medical, defense, industrial and many scientific systems. This program will develop a new generation of photocathodes that provide high performance and long life. Calabazas Creek Research Inc. (CCR), in collaboration wi ...

The cost of dewatering particles is inversely proportional to particle size. Costs dramatically increase as particle size approaches 10

Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) systems present significant challenges with respect to optimal energy efficiency of Photovoltaic (PV) arrays. In these systems, the PV panels replace roof tops, and other building components such as windows. Due to their diverse locations and orientations, influence of numerous environmental factors can significantly reduce the performance and overall eff ...

Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) has been an extremely productive materials science probe for several decades and is used extensively by researchers studying a wide range of subjects, including polymers, ceramics, metals and biological macromolecules and functions. However, it is limited to length scales from 1 to 100 nm and requires highly collimated and relatively monochromatic neutron beam ...

High power RF windows are failing due to single surface multipactor. A more effective and robust technique is required to address this problem. This program will investigate two approaches for addressing multipactor failure in high power windows. The first will explore improved methods for depositing surface films to reduce secondary electron emission. The second approach will investigate changes ...

In the coming generation of Very High Temperature Reactors (VHTRs), nuclear fuel is encapsulated into billions of small, tri-structural isotropic (TRISO) fuel pellets. To facilitate the licensing and economic competitiveness of the anticipated future generation of VHTRs, improved quality control of TRISO pellets (less than one bad coating in 105) is desired. Presently, characterization of fuel pel ...

The energy storage device is today

Coal is an abundant source of energy in the USA, but is not currently utilized effectively. Recently, the DOE has begun a carbon sequestration program is to develop advanced CO2 capture and compression technology for existing coal-fired plants with increased efficiency with no more than a 35% increase in the cost of electricity. This will require new approaches and technologies to be successful. N ...

The injection and storage of captured CO2 in coal beds has been suggested as a strategy to reduce industrial emissions of CO2 into the atmosphere. The sequestration process involves the adsorption by coal of injected CO2 and an associated desorption of CH4 whose production can partially offset the operational cost. The acceptance of this strategy depends on: the ability to effectively monitor the ...