Award Data

PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY (PDT) UTILIZING HEMATOPORPHYRIN DERIVATIVE (HPD) AND A CW ARGON-PUMPED DYE LASER TURNED TO 630 NM HAS BEEN SHOWN TO BE A PROMISING TREATMENT FOR A NUMBER OF FORMS OF CANCER. HOWEVER, BECAUSE TISSUE PENETRATION IS MAXIMIZED FOR WAVELENGTHS GREATER THAN 700 NM, SUBSTANTIAL EFFORT HAS BEEN DIRECTED TOWARDS FINDING NEW DYES WHICH ABSORB IN THE NEAR-IR (670-900 NM). THE TUNING RANG ...

THE TREATMENT OF PORTWINE STAINS, TELANGIECTASES AND OTHER MICROVASCULAR MALFORMATIONS OF THE SKIN HAS BEEN GREATLY IMPROVED BY LASER SURGERY. BETWEEN 1981-83, WORK BY ANDERSON AND COLLEAGUES IDENTIFIED AN APPROACH CALLED "SELECTIVE PHOTOTHERMOLYSIS", WHICH LED TO EFFECTIVE YET ESSENTAILLY NON-SCARRING TREATMENTS. THIS APPROACH HAS SINCE BEEN REFINED AND IS NOW A MATURE, WELL-ACCEPTED, AND ESSENTI ...

RESONANT GAMMA ABSORPTION WILL BE USED FOR IN-VIVO DETECTION AND IMAGING OF BODY NITROGEN AND CALCIUM. TWO MAJOR APPLICATIONS ARE NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT OF CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS AND OSTEOPOROSIS SCREENING. REQUIRED RADIATION DOSES FOR WHOLE- BODY MEASUREMENTS ARE 3-4 ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE LOWER THAN MAY BE DONE BY PRESENT TECHNIQUES. A NOVEL, COMPACT ELECTROSTATIC PROTON ACCELERATOR WILL PRODUCE A ...

THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS EFFORT IS TO DEVELOP NEW ION BEAM TARGET CHAMBER TECHNOLOGIES THAT WILL INCREASE RELIABILITY WHILE MAINTAINING HIGH YIELD CAPABILITY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET) RADIOISOTOPES (O-15, N-13, C-11, F-18) OBTAINED WITH THE NEW LOWER COST, LOWER ENERGY (3-4 MEV) ACCELERATORS NOW BEING DEVELOPED FOR PET. SINCE TARGET FOIL FAILURE IS A LIMITING FACTOR IN ...

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A PREREQUISITE FOR DIAMOND KERATOTOMY BLADES IS THAT THEY BE EXTREMELY SHARP. THIS PRESENTS A PROBLEM, SINCE POLISHING THESE INSTRUMENTS IS DIFFICULT AND TIME CONSUMING. CONVENTIONAL MECHANICAL POLISHING TYPICALLY PRODUCES A TIP WIDTH OF 1 MICRON OR GREATER, WHEREAS A TIP WIDTH OF LESS THAN 0.5 MICRONS IS DESIRABLE. ANOTHER PROBLEM IS THAT THE NON-REPEATABILITY OF THE POLISHING PROCESS CAUSES VARI ...

WE WILL FABRICATE HGCDTE, FRONT-SIDE ILLUMINATED, ELECTRICALLY SELECTABLE, TWO-COLOR INFRARED DETECTOR ARRAYS FOR HIGH RESOLUTION BIOMEDICAL THERMOGRAPHY. TEMPERATURE RESOLUTIONS OF 0.01 DEGREES CENTIGRADE SHOULD BE ACHIEVABLE WITH THESE DEVICES. THE DEVICE IS A TWO TERMINAL, N-P-N HETEROSTRUCTURE WHICH CAN BE THOUGHT OF AS TWO BACK-TO-BACK DIODES. THROUGH PROPER SELECTION OF THE MATERIAL COMPOSIT ...

DEFIBRILLATING ELECTRODES APPLIED DIRECLY TO THE HEART WORK SUCCESSFULLY WHEN THE EFFECTIVE CONTACT AREA BETWEEN ELECTRODE AND MYOCARDIUM IS LARGE. RESEARCHERS HAVE NOTED THAT LARGE PATCH LEADS DEFIBRILLATE MORE EFFECTIVELY THAN SMALL ONES, AND THAT LEADS IN INTIMATE CONTACT WORK BETTER THAT THOSE NOT FIRMLY ATTACHED TO THE HEART. OWING TO THEIR POROUS TITANIUM MESH, CURRENT IMPLANTABLE DEFIBRILLA ...

THE AIM OF THIS PROGRAM IS TO DEVELOP ENERGY-DENSE LONG-LIVED IMPLANTABLE POWER SOURCES RANGING FROM MICROWATTS TO SEVERAL WATTS. THE CORE OF THE DEVICE IS RADIOISOTOPE-POWERED INDIUM PHOSPHIDE VOLTAIC CELL EXPECTED TO ACHIEVE ENERGY DENSITIES OVER TEN THOUSAND TIMES THAT OF THE BEST CHEMICAL BATTERIES. THE RECENTLY DISCOVERED RADIATION DAMAGE RESISTANCE AND ANNEALING PROPERTIES OF INDIUM PHOSPHID ...