Award Data

THE HYDROXYL RADICAL (OH) PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN THE PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF BOTH THE TROPOSPHERE AND THE STRATOSPHERE. IT IS THE PRIMARY OXIDIZING AGENT RESPONSIBLE FOR THE REMOVAL OF MOST TRACE GASES INCLUDING CO AND CH4. SINCE THE OH RADICAL DETERMINES THE LIFETIMES AND, THUS, THE CONCENTRATIONS OF MANY CHEMICAL SPECIES, ACCURATE DETERMINATION OF OH CONCENTRATION IS PIVOTAL IN UNDERSTANDING ATMOSPHERI ...

ULTRAFAST LASERS (LASERS THAT GENERATE PULSES WITH DURATIONS OF ~10 PICOSECONDS OR LESS) HAVE A LARGE NUMBER OF APPLICATIONS IN BIOCHEMISTRY, CHEMISTRY, PHYSICS, AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING. UNFORTUNATELY, THESE SYSTEMS ARE DIFFICULT TO USE LARGELY BECAUSE ULTRAFAST LASER PULSES ARE EXTREMELY DIFFICULT TO CHARACTERIZE AND FEW TECHNIQUES ARE CURRENTLY AVAILABLE. THOSE THAT ARE AVAILABLE USUALLY AR ...

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LASER APPLICATION FOR NONCONTACT TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT OF A SEMICONDUCTOR WAFER IS BEING DEVELOPED. THE TECHNIQUE CAN BE APPLIED FOR EITHER CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (CVD) OR BY RAPID THERMAL PROCESSING (RTP) SYSTEMS. THE METHOD IS BASED ON THERMAL EXPANSION OF A SEMICONDUCTOR WAFER, AND USES SPECKLE PATTERNS GENERATED FROM THE BACK (ROUGH SURFACE) OF THE WAFER. SPECKLE PATTERNS ARE GENERATED ...