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Background: The needle-syringe (N-S), invented 150 years ago, while invaluable in medicine, also pose several risks, primarily through intentional or inadvertent unsterile re-use, as well as through needlestick injury and improper waste disposal. These pose a substantial burden in resulting transmission of blood-borne pathogens (BBPs) in healthcare workers, patients and o ...

Background: The HIV/AIDS pandemic remains among our greatest public health challenges. More than a quarter century after the description of the first cases of AIDS, HIV has spread to virtually every country in the world infecting 65 million people and killing 25 million. The ongoing high incidence of HIV infection and the incomplete coverage with basic HIV prevention tools ...

Background:   The National HIV/AIDS Strategy tasks CDC to extend access to post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) to reduce HIV incidence in the US. DHAP will also introduce pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) should trials soon show substantial efficacy and safety as expected. Effective use of biomedical HIV prevention requires that clinicians and other potential users have means re ...

For additional information about NCIPC, please visit their website at: http://www.cdc.gov/injury/index.html

Background: Traffic crashes account for half of all unintentional injury deaths, are the leading cause of death for people ages 5–34 in the United States, and result in nearly 5 million serious injuries. In one-year, the cost of medical care and productivity losses associated with traffic injuries in the United States exceeded $99 billion. Globally, road traffic injuries ...

For additional information about NIOSH, please visit their website at: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh

Background: The risk of roadway crashes and incidents associated with on-the-job operation of motor vehicles affects millions of U.S. workers. Motor vehicle-related incidents are consistently the leading cause of work-related fatalities in the United States. Of approximately 5,700 fatalities annually reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 35% are associated with motor ...

Engineering controls, administrative policies, and personal protective equipment are needed to manage exposures to occupational hazards. Engineering controls include substitution of a safe material for a hazardous one, design changes to equipment, or modification of work methods to eliminate or reduce hazards. Changes in work practices and management policies and training programs ...

Exposure assessment is a multi-disciplinary field central to deciding whether and how to use resources for reducing workplace exposures, and to defining exposure-response relationships in epidemiologic studies. Rapid, inexpensive measurement tools and improved data analysis methods are needed for the collection of adequate exposure data and for effective intervention. At least thre ...

The goal of intervention research is to develop practical strategies and techniques that effectively reduce or prevent workplace injuries and illnesses. Workplace safety and health interventions include but are not limited to developing and implementing specific engineering control technologies, process and work organization changes, information dissemination and health communicati ...